Operation Management

Task 4 :: 

Technology:

Technologies are a vital part of R&D. Nestle engineers working in R&D in a variety of fields – from packaging and equipment, to food processing technologies and manufacturing new beverage systems such as Nespresso, Nescafé Dolce Gusto, Special. T and BabyNes.

Alongside engineers, of food scientists develop processes and technologies that enable the development of safe, nutritious foods and beverages while keeping us on the cusp of new developments in food science and technology.

Nestlé has developed, and/or is a world-leader in a large number of different technologies. Here are a few examples:

• Fermentation and probiotics: The Nestlé Research Centre was one of the first to look at the molecular interaction of probiotics with intestinal cells. We have sequenced several probiotic genomes, so that we can better understand their characteristics and mechanisms of action.
• Extrusion: We have strong expertise in hot extrusion (eg infant and breakfast cereals), co-extrusion (eg filled bars and snacks) and cold extrusion (eg ice-cream and chocolate).
• Healthier fats: We have also developed technologies that allow us to use natural vegetable oils instead of partially hydrogenated fats in our Maggi bouillon cubes and seasonings.
• Foam booster technology: This produces the creamy head for Nescafé Cappuccino, with less fat, and which is much denser and longer-lasting than regular foam. In 2002 we relaunched Nescafé Cappuccino with our new foaming mix products, which we created these using our foam booster technology.
• Malt extraction: We have developed a new process for malt extraction for Milo that meant less sucrose and more complex carbohydrates in the product. It was launched in Malaysia in 2006, and in 2007 it was rolled out across Asia.
• Portion dispensing systems: This know-how is essential for our beverage systems.

Nestle Capacity Planning

Capacity is the total maximum level of output a business can produce in a given period. This allows a business to meet the level of demand for a product.

Capacity utilisation is the actual output per annum.

Capacity planning is the process of determining the production capacity needed by an organization to meet changing demands for its products. In the context of capacity planning, design capacity is the maximum amount of work that an organization is capable of completing in a given period. Examples of this is the seasonality of products.

@ The nestle beverages plant in suffolk ,Virginia (USA) roasts, grinds, and packages a variety of coffees. The plantcontains two separate facilities .One facility has a large capacity with continuous process for producing their  primary brand .This line has one batch stage, roasting, but the batches are large enough (measured in 1000 lb) tokeep the rest of line running in a continuous process fashion .The other facility is designed to run small batches of approximately 400 lb. this line is designed as a strict batch processing operation .the roasters are designed to process400 lb, at a time, and instead of feeding into a continuous process operation, the roasted beans are stored inspecially designed hoppers .These hoppers are on wheels so that they may be stored as work inprocess (WIP). theseWIP batches are then scheduled through the grinding and pac

kaging stages according to promised delivery dates.



Nestle did not design the plant with two separate facilities strictly for capacity Reasons .

The primary reasons was toallow them to run small batches of specialty coffees for smaller customers .The large continuous process facilitycould be used to adjust to fluctuations in demand caused by seasonal or cyclical influences .Although it is moreexpensive to produce 1 lb of coffee on the batch process than on thecontinuous process line, producing 1 lb of coffe according to actual schedule of demand  is cheaper to the combined facilities compared to the continuous process facility (if a double

shift operation is considered) ,because of the flexibility of the small batch line.

Quality assurance and cntrol :

Quality assurance defined as a tool in quality system to fulfilled quality requirements of product and service by planning and systematic activities.

    

1. Evaluate current processes

A sound automation strategy begins by conducting a thorough assessment of existing business processes. It begins with a look at tasks and procedures that are highly labor-intensive, especially those that add little value. Tasks are that are the most time- and labor-intensive are those that are the top targets for automation.

2. Capitalize on existing automated systems

Many producers already have systems that are automated and integrated, operating on a common network or platform. However, full integration is the optimal state, where all systems across the enterprise are connected, with data shared across the organization.

Packaging, in particular, is an area where fully implemented integration has been elusive. Individual components and machines are integral parts of many such packaging systems. When one of those components is offline due to maintenance or repair, the entire packaging system can halt.

Integrating the whole system greatly lessens the reliance on one component and the unfortunate consequences that arise when that component breaks down.

3. Seek systems with intuitive controls

User-friendly automation systems are critical. Without them, there are likely to be higher training costs, especially as food and beverage manufacturing traditionally relies on an older workforce. Automation should use software that is easy to learn, use, and master to make adoption as frictionless as possible.

Many food producers still rely on manual processes. Automation can reduce production costs by identifying inefficient and low-profit procedures.

4. Use integrated platforms

Today, employees, leaders, and key stakeholders can be anywhere, using multiple device types to connect to systems. Increasingly, these devices are mobile. Your automation systems need to support multiple devices and be accessible and functional across platforms. Data needs to be easily accessible from mobile devices and not bind employees to their desks in order to access features.

5. Develop performance metrics

It’s important for manufacturers to establish measures, including key performance indicators that measure the impact and efficacy of the automation solutions that are implemented. Whether these measures reflect shortened lead times, less waste, shorter production cycles, fewer processing costs, or lower personnel costs, the need for measures against baselines should be determined, tracked and used.

These measures can inform not only performance but also, other opportunities for improvements and future purchases.

6. Focus on early payment choices

Many vendors provide valuable incentives for early payment discounts. These discounts can considerably reduce project costs, making the choice about adoption clearer for companies debating whether to fully invest.

NexTec Group helps companies identify the enterprise resource planning (ERP) tools necessary to integrate automation across the food and beverage company. With ERP, companies pull together data from operational, financial, sales, and customer relations areas, providing holistic looks at the information, reporting, and analysis necessary to improve operations.

We help companies find the right ERP solution to fit the needs, budgets, and automation tools in place and planned. Download the NexTec Ebook – Reduce food waste and improve to learn how NexTec can help select and implement an ERP solution that drives results.

MIWW modul 1

Q. explain sedimentation filtration and Disinfectio ?

Sedimentation is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from water.^[1] Solid particles entrained by the turbulence of moving water may be removed naturally by sedimentation in the still water of lakes and oceans. Settling basins are ponds constructed for the purpose of removing entrained solids by sedimentation.^[2] Clarifiers are tanks built with mechanical means for continuous removal of solids being deposited by sedimentation

  Suspended solids (or SS), is the mass of dry solids retained by a filter of a given porosity related to the volume of the water sample.

The limit sedimentation velocity of a particle is its theoretical descending speed in clear and still water. In settling process theory, a particle will settle only if :-

1. In a vertical ascending flow, the ascending water velocity is lower than the limit sedimentation velocity.
2. In a longitudinal flow, the ratio of the length of the tank to the height of the tank is higher than the ratio of the water velocity to the limit sedimentation velocity.

Removal of suspended particles by sedimentation depends upon the size, zeta potential and specific gravity of those particles.

Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will cause people to fall ill.

Disinfection can be attained by means of physical or chemical disinfectants.

For chemical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used:
- Chlorine (Cl₂)
- Chlorine dioxide (ClO₂)
- Hypo chlorite (OCl^-)
- Ozone (O₃)
- Halogens: bromine (Br₂), iodene (I)
- Bromine chloride (BrCl)
- Metals: copper (Cu²⁺), silver (Ag⁺)
- Kaliumpermanganate (KMnO₄)
- Fenols
- Alcohols
- Soaps and detergents
- Kwartair ammonium salts
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Several acids and bases
For physical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used:
- Ultraviolet light (UV)
- Electronic radiation
- Gamma rays
- Sounds
- Heat

2.Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rain, rather than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from a roof-like surface and redirected to a tank, cistern, deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), aquifer, or a reservoir with percolation.

A rainwater harvesting system has three main stages

1) Collecting & transporting rainwater

This is done through catchment areas & conduits. The catchment of a water harvesting system is the surface which receives rainfall directly.

It can be a paved area like the terrace or courtyard of a building. Conduits are the pipelines that carry rainwater from the catchment or rooftop to the harvesting system.

Filtration

A filter unit is a chamber filled with filtering media to remove debris and dirt from water before it enters the storage tank or recharge structure.

3) Storage in tanks for reuse / Recharging the groundwater levels

The harvested water can now be stored in storage tanks for immediate usage, which are designed according to the water requirements of the society.

Existing non-potable water storage tanks in the society can also be used to store the harvested rainwater.

strategic leadership

Q1. You are CEO of a succesful company based in dubai. Suggest a criteria and stratgey that you shall follow and adhere to ensure your sytle of leadership is ethical.

Q2. Details and list guideliness or critia and explain why you choose that stratgey and how you shall lead to that startegy as a major part of your leadership.

Q3. Give 3 real life example of leadership that show in industry today successful ethical.

Q4. Give 3 real example of leadership they show in industry today leadership action that perhaps fell of being classifed as ethical leadership.

1answer:-  Ethical leadership is exhibiting moral and values is a management position. An ethical leader demonstrates charater, morals and virture in their work  focusing on the needs and rights of their employees.

As I am CEO i think being a transformational leader, a person who motivates his team by encourging them and ensuring respect, hinesty, and trust are practices in the country.

The criteria and strategy that I follow of my sytle of leadership is ethical and they are ;:-

(a) think of the welfare of your employees::-

  To be the Ceo we should know how to care of our employees and this is not only for how we gives reward and perks to members of oyr team. Aside fron gives them comprehensive helath insurance , and also offer them the option to earn and give them bonus benefits. As for listening to tye grivance of staff people, that these are acted upon like the case in which an employee forwarded a complaints aboyr work schedule and share it via an interviews.

(b) Hire The right people for the team ::-

  For Ceo getting the right employeebis more important than telling people what to do. Although I believes in inspering and motivating maangees and team to be more driven,. I also belive that hiring the right people to be part of the  company is equally important . The choosing  process plays a significant role in the success of the company beacuse it takes less time to enchange the skill of competent people than teach skills to people who are not really fit for the job. Always be being a good communicator as a leader.

(C) Learn to respect and support diversity :-

 As i ceo is aware that haveing regional offices means having to dwal with people pf differnt ethnicties and cultures background. This is one of the reason behind the desgin of my companies being made accoridng to the perfernces and practices of the community and suppliera as well as customers. What i do is to identify the needs of the market and base on that the list of product on these needs.

(D) promote open communication.::-

 Every employee is differnt, even if they share similarities with each decision I make be transparent and enciurage feedbeacks from our team. This help me become a better leader and helps my workers feel more cofudent sharing their ideas or concerns.

"I  believe that one of the important responsibilities for the nodern company is to creare an environment where open communication is encouraged and that more importantly prople are listened to".

Most important thing is gathering feedback from your team help you improve as a leader and peopke your business forward.

 " management is all about the people"

(E) lead by examples "::-

To build  an ethical company, we must start form the top down. Yout employee will see yout behaviour , choice, and valur and will adopt them in their own pratices.

"To effectively lead, the ethical leader walk the line he or she wants other to follow". Leadingbby examples is the best way to ensure an ethical business.

(F) care for yourself so you are able to care for others::-

 "Having a clam and capable demeanor is the foundation flr strong leadership". This can be accomplished throygh making sure that you as a leader are foucesd on meering your own need , sleep, nurtrition true connection with loved ones".

According to chistine Matzen said , that devoting time to self -care might sound simple but its critical to support your capabilities as leader. "The leader that  is happy and content in life wanr happniess and contentment for those they lead.

2 Answer:- If one believes in the saying that great leaders are not made but are born, anyone has the opportunity to learn how to improve his or her effectiveness as a leader. Successful leadership does not depend on the number of people or the size of organization that an individual is in charge of.

First, a leader has to be a person who is able to come up with a vision and inspire others towards pursuing it. A leader must also be optimistic to be able to see positive sides in his followers and assist them in overcoming any doubt or failure to realize the organizational goal. In addition, most employees want to obey honest leaders. Other traits that make a great leader include supportiveness, facilitation of the followers, and effective communication skills, among others. These traits define the leadership style of a particular person. Some of the leadership styles include transformational leadership, autocratic leadership, democratic leadership and visionary leadership.

As I CEO i think transformational leadership style is best for a person who motivates his team by encouraging them and ensuring respect  ,honesty, and trust and practiced in the company. Thus the reason why i Choose tranformational leadership style for my company

Transformational leaders are able to lead through adaptation of their organization to changes within the environment of operation. Thus, change can never occur without planning and execution. Leaders must know that a real change occurs in the character of organizational stakeholders. Any failure to realize this will only provide a cosmetic and short-lived change experience. Thus, a transformation leader must be able to progressively restructure an organization by eliminating approaches, which do not properly work. However, it is vital to keep those methods, which contribute to implementation of new cultures, structures and systems. This will require the leader to be able to identify, improve and utilize the complete potential of the employees. The leaders must also be able to align cultural and structural processes with the organizational goal.

When I start  the transformational leadership style in the  company  i faced many challenges. And later i taught the company employee on the basic priciple which made my company unique in society. Knowing about the inevitable need for growth, As a CEO it is esstenial need for transformation together and  growth through these three ps. These are people ,passion , and product.

Being a CEO its is important transformational leaders inspire their team and encourage members to develop as individuals and be part of a collective team to work towards achieving objectives. And every leader should ensures there is trust, respect, honesty and commitment in the company  is running.

Dimensions of Transformational Leadership:-

Idealized Influence – This entails being able to build confidence and earn the respect and trust of the members of one’s organization. By being a charismatic leader, followers will be more adaptive to changes when the need arises.

Inspirational Motivation – With enthusiasm and positivity, a leader will be able to motivate followers to become team players and dreamers that things are possible.

Intellectual Stimulation – Transformational leaders challenge members of the team to solve problems that arise and teach them to be creative and innovative by stimulating their minds. These allow members to voice out ideas and share their views without having the fear of being punished or reprimanded.

Individualized Consideration – With accepting the differences among employees, a transformational leader know the importance of addressing problems of workers accordingly, mentoring and offering individualized career counseling.

List and guideliness of strategy which I choose as a majort part of my leadership sytle and they are :-

1. I believes in hiring the right people.
For Being a ceo the success of my company, it is not enough to tell people what to do but to get the right people for your team.  My goal was to challenge and inspire my managers because he believes that companies need people with intuitive leadership skills. Being the inspirational communicator he is, he was able to convey his message and his managerial team came back more energized as ever.

2. I takes real good care of my employees.
When you hear people say they admire how I takes care of my team, they don’t just mean I gives them perks which he does, like exploring the possibility of offering free rides to employees. I even entitles them with comprehensive health insurance and an option to own stocks, part-time employees, included. These are on top of tuition benefits and shifting schedules not requiring back-to-back graveyard shifts. Moreover, I listens to my employees.

3. think of the welfare of your employees::-

  To be the Ceo we should know how to care of our employees and this is not only for how we gives reward and perks to members of oyr team. Aside fron gives them comprehensive helath insurance , and also offer them the option to earn and give them bonus benefits. As for listening to tye grivance of staff people, that these are acted upon like the case in which an employee forwarded a complaints aboyr work schedule and share it via an interviews.

4.promote open communication.::-

 Every employee is differnt, even if they share similarities with each decision I make be transparent and enciurage feedbeacks from our team. This help me become a better leader and helps my workers feel more cofudent sharing their ideas or concerns.

"I  believe that one of the important responsibilities for the nodern company is to creare an environment where open communication is encouraged and that more importantly prople are listened to".

Most important thing is gathering feedback from your team help you improve as a leader and peopke your business forward.

 " management is all about the people"

 5.Learn to respect and support diversity :-

 As i ceo is aware that haveing regional offices means having to dwal with people pf differnt ethnicties and cultures background. This is one of the reason behind the desgin of my companies being made accoridng to the perfernces and practices of the community and supplier as well as customers. What i do is to identify the needs of the market and base on that the list of product on these needs.

3 answer:---

The 3 real life example of leadership that show in industry today successful ethical . And the 3 ethical leader are :-

(A) sundar pichai 

(B) sheikh mohammed.

(C) mukesh ambani

  (A) sundar  pichai :-

Answered 

Introduction:- 

Sunder Pichai is a computer engineer and the current CEO of Google Inc. He is an engineering genius from IIT Kharagpur followed by Masters from Stanford and MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He is known for his innovative ideas and is best known as the mastermind behind the launch of Chrome Browser in 2008 which is one of the most popular browser on the internet.

Leadership: leadership is an individual’s skill to make strong decisions and inspire others to perform efficiently. A leader is the one who influences people and trains them to achieve better in an organisation. They are responsible to guide the team in any organisation and also understanding them, supporting them and evaluating their performance.

Importance of a Leader:

Leadership is an important function of management which helps to achieve organizational goals.

The following points justify the importance of leadership.

• Leadership Provides Future Vision: A successful leader creates a clear vision for the future and finds the best way to approach it.

• Leadership helps in managing organizational change: An effective leadership is essential for managing organization.

• Leadership helps in business understanding: It helps to develop awareness of the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities in the organization. • Leadership helps in encouraging new ideas.

He is known to be incredibly humble person at heart with an impossible dreams of advancement, improving access, and internet connectivity for underdeveloped countries.

Sundar Pichai practices what he preaches and one of his major leadership strategy is to see other people succeed and not only himself. By setting up collaborative cultures Sundar has successfully incorporated this leadership strategy throughout Google.

Following are the leadership qualities of Sundar Pichai:

a. He believes in success of others. He wants other people to be successful and help them by removing road blocks and he believes in team work

b. He has a vision of what he wants to achieve and the ability to clearly communicate his vision so that everyone in the organization understands what is needed to achieve the vision.

c. He has a willingness to take on new challenges, take calculated risks, make tough decisions, and be willing to go out on a limb for something they believe in. Transformational leaders have the courage to create a vision and make the difficult decision necessary to achieve their vision.

d. He is fuelled with passion from within. Transformational leaders have passion and motivation that people can sense and feed off of it.

e. Transformational leaders, based on their personal passion, have the ability to inspire others and get them to buy into their vision and execute it on all levels of the company.

f. While it is a bit cliché, actions do speak louder than words and when leaders live according to the standard they set, people take notice. Leaders often promise a lot, but it is the follow through that has a true impact on a leader’s ability to evoke change and get buy in

g. Transformational leaders model a company standard they expect everyone to follow. He clearly communicate their vision, expectations, and how this standard is to be carried out throughout the organization.

CONCLUSION: Transformational leadership represents the essential quality for successful management of transformational organizational changes. It is about the quality that, in fact, so called transactional management has missed to bring to an end of the transformational cycles with efficiency. In that sense, the success in realizing transformational organizational changes means that the key people in an organization (managers) develop sets of appropriate skills and attributes that are characteristic to so-called transformational leaders.

(B) Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum :-

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 Indroduction :-

Dubai is one of seven emirates which make up the United Arab Emirates and thesecond largest city after Abu Dhabi. It transformed from a small fishing port in 1960s toone of the most developed cities in the world at the present time. This development and progress of Dubai are committed to Al Maktoum family in general and to sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum in particular who succesfully converted dubai to be a worldwide city by his ideas and leadership style.

Background  of sheikh Mohammed:-

Shiekh mohammed is uae vice president and prime minister and rule of dubai since 2006, was born in dubai 1994, married to Hind bint maktoum al maktoum and to Haya bint al hussain ( sister of the king of jordan) and he has 23 son and daughter. He studies arabic and islamic studies before joining the school and in 1965 he graduated from dubai secondary school. In 1966 , he traveled to uk and studies english at Bell Education Trust English Language School. Later he studies at Mons officers cadet School ( military school training center). 

In 1969 he become the head of the dubai police forced, after that in 1971 he become the minister of defense on decmber 2nd. In 1995 has been appointed to be Dubai Crown prince. On 4 januray 2006, he become the ruler of Dubai , one day after, he crown chosen to be vice president of the United Arab Emirates. On 11 februray , he was chosen by the Frederal National Council as UAE Prime Minsiter in 2016. 

 This two Leadership style using by sheikh mohammed  in his Leadership Style  :- 

Leadership ia define as the arr of infulence others and guides them properly to earb their obedience, respect, loyalty and cooperation toward a common goal. 

(●)  The democratic leader:-

This leader always shares his people infoormation  to cope with problen and take decision. Thus , creates a social until the tean can be interest of business. By adopting this constructive suggestion offered by his/ her subordinates, leader can driven the power. This approach also encourges creativity, innovation cam build a strong motivation to work a sense of beloging. 

(●) The charismatic leader:- 

This leader encourage his tean imcrease tbeir engergy to gain more followers depending in his abilty to behave and commumicate with them. There are no special charateristic of his leadership but is always good at communicatio  and has a very good emotional level.  Any succes is ascrived to him not to his team.

Usually, the team take time to be confident with  othereaders beacuse they have commited to his charisma ( weber ,1905)

Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid known for being a democratic leadership which is now adopted in many organizations. In his leadership sytle  that makes him a great and exemplary leader in middle east and the world.

(A)  Building permanent Relationships:- 

Sheikh mohammed sees that leader must be a lion leads a group of lions to achive amibition, encourages young peooks to become creative and forgives some mistakes , because arw sometimes the way to learn and succced.

Also, sheikh mohammad thinks that leaders must have loose relationship with others and also trust in them. Leaders also should share the knowldge with people who create loyality. Actually, this exactly wgat Islam encourages the public to deal with others in their life.

This means building lasting relationships are very important not only for the leader but also for all people as well.

(B) leader should have blod vision:- 

The vision for the leader is indispensable , beacuse vision is leading the leader and push him forward. Sheikh mohammad is a good example of a great leader beacuse he has a vision of UAE economic success. Hence he buikt a vision into his country to achieve progress.

 Sheikh mohammed sees that leader must have avidion and fully believes in the abiluty to achieve this vision and achieve the dream of citzens. To do that it, is extermely important to choose the team who believes in the vision, and has the postive engery to acheive it.  

Sheikh mohammed also thinks that the word "impodsible " is a goal itself and the confidence is the kwy to accomplishing goals and surmount challenges. Beside it is really estenial to produce a clear vision for the hereafter.

( c) leading country as leading a family :-

Although sheikh mohammed is the ruler of dubai but he is also known as  "the ceo of dubai" becuase  he makes dubai and its people working as a big or a big company. He becomes obsessed with people and surrounded by immature people. In this way, everyone in the company has the exact same responsibility and duties. Therefore, enchance loyalty and everyone in the team can feel as a nember of the family.

(D) using the precious time :-

 Arab say " time is like a sword. If you did not cut it , it will cut you" and also say " dont delay todays work until tomorrow". This means we can only own time if we work gard and dont waste it. Sheikh mohammed believes that time is the  most important thing we have. So time can be watsed beacuse it is really precious, time should be used to imcrease the achievements and any plan should have a deadline to reach.

 (E)  Honoring  responsibilty:-

A leader can make a credibilty of his leadership when he fully responsible to assume all the consequences of his actions, and the outcomes of decison. 

Sheikh mohammed sees that responsibilty should be everywhere , home , work and community. And leader should honor the responsibilty of any failurr happened from his/ her decisons rather than try claiming that it is not his / her fault. Beacuse his / her psotion does not give him/ her a privilege or power, but impose a responsibilty.

(F)  Dealing with respect :-

Any dailogue requires the recognition of the differnce with the other parties and respect their different opion, attitude or judgement. Beacuse God created us different from each other, different color, religion, culture. We should not be afraid of the differnce, but respect each other and deal with each other according to this respect.

(G)  Being Number 1:- 

Sheikh mohammed belives that dubau and uae can be number one in many fields and can suprise the world, this can be achieved if everyone believs in himself and his power. 

Sheikh Mohammed quoted" I wanr dubai to be Number one . Not in the region but in the world... number one is everything , high education, health, housing.. give my peolle highest way of living" ( shiekh mohammed and making of dubai , 2010).

 Conclusion ;-

 Leadership is a critical part in the succes and one of the major key element to acheieve goals of an organization and the goverment as well. Sheikh mohammed ruler of dubai is very good example of a great leader. His leadership sytle has been explained in this paper.  Dubai has been led to an amazing success in the last 10 years by his leadership style amd qualities of having a lasting realtionship and blod vision, leading head of family , using time effectively, holding responsibilty, respecting other and being the best.

 Matching these leadership style qualties of sheikh mohammmed with the leadership sytle  in the theory. I can conclude that sheikh mohammed is a kind of decocratic leader with some charismatic leader feature.

(C)  Mukesh Ambani :-

4no. Answer:- 

(A)Bashar Al- Assad

(1) 191,000 people killed and counting:-

Syrians men evacuate a victim following an air strike by regime forces in the northern city of Aleppo on August 26, 2013. US Secretary of State John Kerry called last week's alleged chemical weapons attack in Syria a "moral obscenity," in remarks on August 26, 2013.

The main thing you need to know about Assad is that his regime is responsible for killing a huge number of people.

According to the United Nations, at least 191,000 people were confirmed killed in Syria as of April 2013. More than 8,800 were children under the age of 10.

Keep in mind that these are just "confirmed" numbers. And they are based on nearly 320,000 reported killings. The death toll is likely much higher than even that. As Navy Pillay, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said, "Tragically it is probably an underestimate of the real total number of people killed during the first three years of this murderous conflict."

2) 11,000 Syrians tortured and executed:-

In a report published in January 2013, a small team of international human rights lawyers presented conclusive evidence that the Assad regime had tortured and executed approximately 11,000 Syrians since the beginning of the conflict. Drawing on photographs and documents smuggled out of Syria by a defector from Assad's military police force, the lawyers concluded the regime has engaged in "systematic killing" on an "industrial scale."

3) Children trapped in an "archipelago of torture":-

Rights Watch (HRW) calls the vast and complex network of torture and detention maintained by Syrian security forces and intelligence agents.

"The level of torture is not comparable to any other conflict I've worked on," Anna Neistat, associate director for Program and Emergencies at HRW, told GlobalPost in 2012.

When it comes to Assad's thugs, it seems that no person is too young to be tortured. One in five detainees is a minor, says HRW. 

GlobalPost spoke with some of the children tortured and imprisoned by the regime. Their stories are horrifying.

4) Chemical weapons attacks:-

There's no shortage of war crimes when it comes to the Assad regime, but one of the more prominant violations has been the use of chemical weapons. Before the United States started bombing the Islamic State, the closest it came to striking Syria was after Aug. 21, 2013, when someone — there's international consensus that Assad's forces were the aggressors, although the regime continues to deny it — dropped weapons loaded with sarin gas on Ghouta, a rebel-held suburb outside Damascus.

More than 1,400 Syrian civilians were killed in the attack, and several hundred more were poisoned. It was the first large-scale use of chemical weapons since 1988, when Saddam Hussein used them against the Kurds near the end of the Iran-Iraq War.

Barack Obama famously warned that Assad would be crossing a "red line" if he used chemical weapons against his own people, but the United States didn't take military action and Obama probably wishes he could take that warning back.

5) Use of barrel bombs in densely populated civilian areas:-

are like chemical weapons in that they don't discriminate between civilians and soldiers, and, one could argue, this is their main value: killing huge numbers of civilians, destroying whole city blocks, and terrorizing the entire population. These bombs are highly explosive, unguided, and imprecise weapons made from cheap and available materials, like oil or water drums, and packed with explosives and scrap metal for maximum destruction. 

Assad's army has repeatedly used barrel bombs, and in densely populated cities like Aleppo, the results have been devastating to human life and city infrastructure.

6) Massacre at Houla :-

Syrian army troops hold up portraits of President Bashar al-Assad (L) and his late father, former president Hafez al-Assad, as they pull out of the southern protest hub of Daraa after a military lockdown during which dozens of people were killed in what activists termed as "indiscriminate" shelling of the town.

The scale of killing is massive. The total horror of the Assad regime, though, often reveals itself at a small scale. Take the massacre in the town of Houla.

There, according to a UN report, Syrian government forces and fighters from the brutal, pro-government militia known as the "Shabiha" ("ghosts" in Arabic) killed more than 100 civilians in May 2012. Half of the victims were children. There were reports of armed gunmen spraying homes with indiscriminate weapon fire and going house to house to kill the men, women, and children inside. 

The massacre prompted the UN Human Rights Council to pass a resolution condemning the regime for its deliberate attacks on civilians.

If you feel like getting inside the head of a Shabiha fighter — not that you'd really want to —  read this GlobalPost interview.

7) Targeting journalists:-

A Turkish demonstrator in Ankara holds pictures last week of the late Sunday Times correspondent Marie Colvin and French photojournalist Remi Ochlik, left, during protest by journalists against violence on the news media in Syria.

The US fight against the Islamic State will always be bound up in the videotaped beheadings of American journalists James Foley, who worked for GlobalPost, and Steven Sotloff. 

Rebel groups like Al Nusra and the Islamic State have played a large role in turning Syria into "the world's most dangerous country for journalists," according to Reporters Without Borders (RSF), but the Assad regime has been a major player, too. Assad's forces have consistently arrested, imprisoned, and killed journalists throughout the duration of the conflict.

Marie Colvin, an American reporter for the Sunday Times, was among the journalists killed while covering the war. She was killed alongside a prominent French photographer, Remi Ochlik, when the regime bombed a house where she was staying in the city of Homs. French President Nicolas Sarkozy claimed at the time that they'd been "assassinated," since the house was serving a well-known press center.

8) 9 million refugees:-

2.5 million Syrians have fled to neighboring countries Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, and Iraq. Another 6.5 million internally displaced persons remain in Syria.

The UN World Food Program says that nearly 6 million Syrians now rely on its food assistance programs to survive.

how to star Starbucks|| country doesn't have Starbucks|| Starbucks details 2020

Starbucks Corporation in the Global Market

Depending on the theories and materials you studied during this mini semester, analyze the case study of Starbucks Corporation.

Suggested areas you need to discuss: 

1. The nature of the external and internal environment surrounding Starbucks.   

2. Analyze Starbucks strategic Vision, Mission, and Core Values. 

3. What is Starbuck’s strategic approach to gain competitive advantage  

4. Analyze the overall Starbuck’s strategy using Porter’s Five Forces Model Competition 

5. Choose one country that Starbucks’s considered to be strong and conduct a PASTEL analysis for that country. 

6. Choose another country that Starbucks does not operate in at this time and suggest a strategic entry plan to operate in that country. 

1.The nature of the external and internal environment surrounding Starbucks.   

External environment consist of the following

i)Political/ Legal environment

Starbucks imports coffee beans from different countries and each of these countries has its own tariff and customs regulations. In addition, any political upheavals in the countries where Starbucks imports its coffee beans would greatly interfere with the company’s operations.

ii)Economic environment

The global financial crisis of 2008 greatly affected the operations of Starbucks in various countries. The recession resulted in an increase in the operational costs of the company The coffee industry is demand- driven and when economic conditions are harsh, consumers treat coffee as a luxury and this affects sales

iii)Socio-cultural environment

Consumers across the world are increasingly demanding fair practices, and this has seen many firms change their operating practices in order to accommodate these demands.The company has also had to adjust its product offerings in order to meet the growing demands of the rising number of educated and health conscious consumers.

iv) 

Technological Segment

Advances in technology affect product innovation, product services, customers’ store experience, and the way organizations are able to interact with other business partners. Technological improvements can enable a company to market its products directly to their target market using emails, text messages, and social network sites as well Throughthe use of technology, Starbucks has managed to change its product mix to suit new market segment

v) 

Competitors

The two main competitors of Starbucks are MacDonald’s McCafe and Dunkin Donuts. On the one hand, McCafe maintains a low price strategy o its products in Burritt, 2007. On the other hand, Dunkin Donuts offers customers a variety of coffee flavors to choose from, in addition to its emphasis on quality in Dicarlo, 2004.

Customers

Starbucks provides interpersonal services to its customers in whereby there is high contact between baristas, staff, and customers (Miller, 2010).. The company has tried to change the formula of some of its products to suit the tastes and preferences of customers in certain markets The management at Starbucks recognizes the important role played by the staff and Baristas, which is why they offer rewards and incentives in recognition of their exemplary work.

Internal Analysis

Products

Starbucks boasts of a wide variety of over 30 coffee products that customers can choose from. The company is always introducing novel products in the market to suit the changing demands, tastes and preferences of its growing customer base. 

Price

Starbucks’ products are priced at a premium owing to the perceived upscale image in the eyes of the consumers. In this case, Starbucks uses high pricing to differentiate itself from the rest of the competition 

Place

Most Starbucks coffee stores are located in neighborhoods with high traffic. The company’s coffee stores are also located in different large chains. The “third place” concept as practiced by Starbucks has helped to turn its stores into an ideal uenvironment away from home where customers can relax, surf the internet, or listen to music 

Promotion

One of the fundamental requirements for successful promotion is to facilitate friendly and smooth interactions among the company’s representatives and the market without compromising the efficiency manner in which a company is able to offer its services to the target market.

The success of any service firm largely depends on the ability of the organisation in question to target, acquire, get hold of, and retain keep the ‘right’ customers. Good organisations are mainly based on cultivating customer retention relationships, as opposed to the acquisition/transaction mentality. Starbucks is one such organisation.

link-  https://ivypanda.com/essays/starbucks-5/

2.Analyze Starbucks strategic Vision, Mission, and Core Values. 

Mission-Starbucks Coffee’s corporate mission is “to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time.” This mission statement reflects what the company does to keep its business running. It is clear that target consumers are given emphasis in this corporate mission. The following components of Starbucks’s corporate mission statement influence strategic management in growing the business:

1. Inspire and nurture the human spirit
2. One person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time

Starbucks Coffee “inspires and nurtures the human spirit,” starting with its employees. To address this component of its mission statement, the company maintains a small company culture, where rapport and warmth are important. In this way, the corporate mission is a direct determinant of Starbucks coffee corporate cultures.

vission-

Starbucks Coffee’s corporate vision is “to establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles while we grow.” This corporate vision statement has the following components relevant to the business:

1. Premier purveyance
2. Finest coffee in the world
3. Uncompromising principles
4. Growth

uncompromising principles” component of its corporate vision statement. These principles include ethical conduct and a warm culture. The company maintains these principles, especially during Howard Schultz’s leadership as CEO. Also, the company satisfies the “growth” component of its vision statement, as manifested in the continuing global expansion of the business through new Starbucks locations. The company now has more than 28,000 locations around the world. Thus, the business effectively addresses its corporate vision.

values--

   With their partners or customers they play a vital role to maintain their business these values:

•       Creating a culture of warmth and belonging, where everyone is welcome.
•       Acting with courage, challenging the status quo and finding new ways to grow our company and each other.
•       Being present, connecting with transparency, dignity and respect.
•       Delivering our very best in all we do, holding ourselves accountable for results.

they are performance driven, through the lens of humanity.

link-. http://panmore.com/starbucks

3.What is Starbuck’s strategic approach to gain competitive advantage  

Strategy

Starbucks strategy is a simple saturate the market. By spreading out the outlet location it makes one store not cut the profits of another store. Usually, the stores would be placed on locations based on demographics, traffic patterns, the location of competitors as well as the location of its own stores.

However, the Starbucks strategy went against the grain. Instead of following the trend, CEO Howard Schultz had a different idea. He decided that the Starbucks strategy would be to blanket an area completely. Siding matter about one store cut the profits of another store, the Starbucks strategy focused on heavily increasing the foot traffic in one specific part of town. They think this will reduce the company’s delivery and risk, also the customer doesn’t need to stay in the waiting line for a long time. Schultz knew that his Starbucks strategy was a risk, but it was one he was willing to take.

For the result of this strategy. Starbucks quickly achieve market dominance. They have more than 20 million customers per week, this is the highest frequency of visiting customers. Since the company went public, sales have risen roughly 20% each year. Even when the rest of the economy seems to be in a slump, loyal patrons keep returning to Starbucks for their regular cup of Joe.

Starbucks using many kind of entry mode for expanding its business to another country. These include joint ventures, licensing, and wholly owned subsidiaries. Starbucks gain advantage of providing access to local partner knowledge by using joint venture. Starbucks also shares development costs and risks with Sazaby in addition. Starbucks use licensing way to enter the Middle East because with this mode it allow Starbucks to minimize capital outlays for marketing research and decrease local market expertise. And for the wholly owned subsidiaries it offers technology protection and ability to engage in the global strategic coordination.

now a days they became international Because of its high growth in major reason, Starbucks initiate international expansion. Starbucks adopted a strategy that characterizing through low local responsiveness and price considerisation. In the 1996 Starbucks start to grown in Japan through joint venture, and then it expand to Europe and the Middle East using the same way.

link-https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/strategy-and-competitive-ad6vantage-of-starbucks-marketing-essay.php

4.Analyze the overall Starbuck’s strategy using Porter’s Five Forces Model Competition 

        The strong force of competition is the combined effect of the external factors identified in this Five Forces analysis. In this regard, the most significant forces for Starbucks Coffee Company’s strategic consideration are competitive rivalry, the bargaining power of customers, and the threat of substitutes. Still, the other forces also influence the company’s business performance. In summary, the following are the intensities of the Five Forces in Starbucks Corporation’s industry environment:

1. Competitive rivalry or competition – Strong Force
2. Bargaining power of buyers or customers – Strong Force
3. Bargaining power of suppliers – Weak Force
4. Threat of substitutes or substitution – Strong Force
5. Threat of new entrants or new entry – Moderate Force

Competitive Rivalry or Competition with Starbucks Coffee Company (Strong Force)

tarbucks faces the strong force of 6competitive rivalry In the Five Forces analysis model, this force pertains to the influence of competitors on each other and the industry environment. In this case of Starbucks Coffee Company, the following external factors contribute to the strong force of competition:

• Large number of firms (strong force)
• Moderate variety of firms (moderate force)
• Low switching costs (strong force)

The large number of firms is an external factor that intensifies competitive rivalry. Starbucks Corporation has many competitors of different sizes. In relation, the population of competitors is moderate varied in terms of specialty and strategy.

        

Bargaining Power of Starbucks’s Customers/Buyers (Strong Force)

    Starbucks Coffee Company experiences the strong force or bargaining power of buyers or customers. In Porter’s Five Forces analysis model, this force is based on the influence of individual customers and groups of customers on the international business environment. In Starbucks Corporation’s case, the following external factors contribute to the strong bargaining power of customers:

• Low switching costs (strong force)
• High substitute availability (strong force)
• Small size of individual buyers (weak force)

there are many suppliers of coffee and tea around the world. This external factor limits the influence of individual suppliers. The overall effect of the external factors in this component of the Five Forces analysis is the weak force or bargaining power of suppliers on the company

Bargaining Power of Starbucks Coffee’s Suppliers (Weak Force)

 this force as the influence that suppliers have on the company and its industry environment. The following external factors contribute to the weak bargaining power of suppliers on Starbucks Corporation:

• Moderate size of individual suppliers (moderate force)
• High variety of suppliers (weak force)
• Large overall supply (weak force)

This external factor limits the influence of individual suppliers. The overall effect of the external factors in this component of the Five Forces analysis is the weak force or bargaining power of suppliers on the company. 

Threat of Substitution or Substitutes to Starbucks Products (Strong Force)

    this force pertains to the impact of substitute goods or services on the business and its external environment. The following external factors contribute to the strong threat of substitution against Starbucks:

• High substitute availability (strong force)
• Low switching costs (strong force)
• High affordability of substitute products (strong force)

it is easy for consumers to buy substitutes instead of Starbucks products. Moreover, many of these substitutes are affordable and cost less than the company’s products. Thus, this Porter’s Five Forces analysis of Starbucks Coffee Company determines that the threat of substitutes is a high-priority strategic management concern.

Threat of New Entrants or New Entry (Moderate Force)

 this force refers to the effect of new players or new entrants in the industry. In this business case, the following external factors contribute to the moderate threat of new entrants against Starbucks:

• Moderate cost of doing business (moderate force)
• Moderate supply chain cost (moderate force)
• High cost of brand development (weak force)

Also, brand development typically requires years to reach the level of strength of the Starbucks brand. The combination of these external factors imposes the moderate force or threat of substitutes against the company. Thus, this Five Forces analysis shows that the threat of substitution is a significant but limited issue in Starbucks Corporation’s strategic management.

link-http://panmore.com/starbucks

5.Choose one country that Starbucks’s considered to be strong and conduct a PASTEL analysis for that country. 

Starbucks is to be considered strong as in American multinational  chains of coffeehouses and roasters reserves headquartered in Seattle Washington. As the world's largest largest coffeehouses chain, Starbucks is seen to be the main representation of the United States' second wave of coffee culture.

As of early 2020, the company operates over 30,000 locations worldwide in more than 70 countries. Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks, whole-bean coffee, microground instant coffee known as VIA, Many stores sell pre-packaged food items, pastries, hot and cold sandwiches, and drinkware including mugs and tumblers. There are also several select "Starbucks Evenings" locations which offer beer, wine, and appetizers. Starbucks-brand coffee, ice cream, and bottled cold coffee drinks are also sold at grocery stores in the United States and other countries. In 2010, the company began its Starbucks Reserve program for single-origin coffees and high-end coffee shops. It planned to open 1,000 Reserve coffee shops by the end of 2017

 Pastel analysis-

 The aspect of the PESTLE analysis model presents mostly opportunities for Starbucks Coffee

Economic Factors Important to Starbucks Coffee

This component of the PESTEL analysis model refers to the economic conditions and changes significant to business. Starbucks faces the following economic external factors in its remote or macro-environment:

1. High growth of developing countries (opportunity)
2. Declining unemployment rates (opportunity)
3. Rising labor cost in suppliers’ countries (threat)

The high economic growth of developing countries and the declining unemployment rates create opportunities for Starbucks to gain more revenues from various markets around the world. 

Social/Sociocultural Factors Influencing Starbucks Coffee’s External Environment

This aspect of the PESTEL analysis framework shows the social conditions and trends influencing consumers and business. Starbucks must address the following social/sociocultural external factors in its remote/macro-environment:

1. Growing coffee culture (opportunity)
2. Increasing health consciousness (opportunity)
3. Growing middle class (opportunity)

Starbucks has opportunity to increase its revenues based on increasing demand for specialty coffee, which is due to a growing coffee culture and a growing middle class around the world. Also, the company has the opportunity to widen its array of more healthful products to attract health-conscious consumers to Starbucks cafés. Thus, all the identified external factors in this component of the PESTEl analysis model present opportunities for Starbucks Coffee.

Technological Factors in Starbucks Coffee’s Business

In this part of the PESTEL analysis model, technologies and related trends are identified. Starbucks experiences the following technological external factors in its remote/macro-environment:

1. Rising mobile purchases (opportunity)
2. Technology transfers to coffee farmers (opportunity)
3. Rising availability of specialty coffee machines for home use (threat)

Starbucks has the opportunity to improve its mobile apps and linked services to gain more revenues through mobile purchases. The company also has the opportunity to improve its supply chain efficiency based on new technologies coffee farmers use. However, the rising availability of home-use specialty coffee machines is a threat to Starbucks because it increases the availability of substitutes to Starbucks products.

Ecological/Environmental Factors

This component of the PESTEL analysis model identifies the effects of ecological or environmental conditions and changes on business. Starbucks faces the following ecological/environmental external factors in its remote or macro-environment:

1. Business sustainability trend (opportunity)
2. Growing popular support for responsible sourcing (opportunity)
3. Growing popular support for environmentally friendly products (opportunity)

The business sustainability trend focuses on business processes that ensure minimal environmental impact. In relation, responsible sourcing emphasizes corporate social responsibility in the supply chain. Starbucks has opportunities to enhance its performance in these areas. Note that the company already has responsible sourcing policies. Starbucks also has the opportunity to offer more of its products in recyclable packaging. 

Legal Factors

The legal factors in the PESTEL analysis model are the laws and regulations on business. Starbucks must address the following legal external factors in its remote/macro-environment:

1. Product safety regulations (opportunity)
2. GMO regulations outside the United States (opportunity)
3. Increasing employment regulation (threat)

Starbucks has opportunities to improve its performance by satisfying product safety regulations and regulations on ingredients from genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Starbucks is already performing well in these aspects. However, increasing employment regulation, especially in developing countries, threatens Starbucks Coffee’s access to the labor market. This external factor also impacts Starbucks through increased spending for human resources. Thus, in this aspect of the PESTEl analysis model, the identified external factors present mostly opportunities for Starbucks Coffee.

link-. http://panmore.com/starbucks-coffee-pestel-pestle-analysis-recommendations

6.Choose another country that Starbucks does not operate in at this time and suggest a strategic entry plan to operate in that country. 

well as we know still there are many countries don't have Starbucks,The farthest we can get from a Starbucks on Earth is off the coast of South Africa. With the exception of the three locations in Morocco and 18 in Egypt, there are no Starbucks in continental Africa,and also in Baltic State there isn't Starbucks

   if we start Starbucks by considering the above mentioned one country such as BALTIC STATE, we must first realize that Starbucks does not sell independent. They give license to like minded business man to open licensed Starbucks store along with the other business that they run. It is very important to select the position where we want to have such a Starbucks store.

            strategic entry plan to operate Starbucks Globalisation and technology as the two core macro environmental elements of business settings have imposed and aided  companies’ international expansion strategies and tactics. As such, success beyond the national borders of a corporation is not only an indicator of success, it has ultimately become necessary for survival in a competitive market carefully evaluate all factors influencing the decision regarding the area of expansion and the entry mode of the company in the new region 

        i) factors, country specific factors and market specific factors. Although their categorisation of factors is valid in the strategic management of internationalisation of firms

      ii)quality of the products or operations of coffee shops that trade under their company name is significantly lower than in the case of joint ventures or wholly-owned subsidiaries. 

     iii) Starbucks, are able to determine the best mix of entry modes specific to the regions where the expansion is taking place in order to become global leaders

       iv)need to take into account any cultural aspects of the countries where their subsidiaries are. As such, Starbucks adapts their food and beverage offerings in their cafés in order to suit their customers’ taste 

Conclusions

The company that reinvented the way in which people enjoy their traditional cup of coffee, Starbucks has conquered the globe in less than half a century,focus is on creating long-lasting relationships with consumers in every geographical region, seeking and rewarding the loyalty of the brand’s

link-. https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/starbucks-international-entry-methods-marketing-essay.php

The Fall Of IBM

The Fall of 1BM

Depending on the theories and materials

you studied during this mini semester,

analyze the case study of lBM (The Fall of

BM)Suggested areas you need to discuss:

      1. History and development and growth of the company over time

      2. What are the company's (IBM)

internal strength and weaknesses?

     3. The nature of the external

environment surrounding IBM?

     4.Describe IBM's business model and replace with one of your own that you would think, in hindsight, would have made the company a formidable

competitor to Apple and Microsoft.

    5. Did IBM's problems in your opinion, aroused from the strategic planning or execution?

    6. Your recommendations.

answer:-  History and development and growth of IBM company over times.

 In early 1970s IBM was the largest manufactures of computer in the world.  T.v Larson took over as CEO of IBM from tom Watson, Jr, in 1971 and become the head of the company. It was able to acheive rapid growth and market share due to the sale of it's 360 mainframe computer model. The 360 models was later improved through the development of the 370- mainframe model. IN mid 1970s , IBM begin  to face high competition from the small companies that were able to produce cheap computers qualities  were either equal to or superior to its models. Following the technological advancement that led to the reduction of the lifespan to mainframe computer. IBM changed its strategy from leasing to selling computers. Additionally it developed new computer models such as 400 to compete with lower cost minicomputers. Under  learsons control and then under the control of Frank Cary who become CEO when learson retired in 1973, IBM continued to enjoy its domination of the mainframe market. By 1980 IBM had a market value of $26billion four time it's sizes in 1971.

          By 1991 high competition led to significant reduction in computer prices . moreover IBM was not able to Develop new product in time. Consequently it market share reduced drastically. The management attempts to restructure the firm was not successful since it continued to market losses.

        The company returned to profitability in 2000. The last three years , the company has been making at least 10 billion in net profit (IBM) . Howerver it generates over 60%  of its revenue from services and software’s rather than the sales of computers hardware, also IBM's continued domination of the mainframe market produced record increases in revenues and profits every year but its performance masked some major problems that were developing during the

1970s and 1980s.

     Changes in mainframe technology also caused a change in IBM's strategy during the 1970s. As a result of technological innovations, particularly the plunging costs of integrated circuits, the life span of a main- frame computer-the time it could be used until it was technologically outdated-was shortening rapidly and development costs were increasing. of the personal computer. The personal computer was developed in 1977 by Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak who founded Apple Computer at 1980 Apple's sales had grown to $117 million. Once again, IBM stood by and watched as a new market segment was created.

 

       2 Answer: the company ( IBM ) internal strength and weakness .

      Strengths:  

    i) IBM was able to develop high quality computers in 1970s and 1980s, there by gaining the largest market share in the industry. 

   ii) IBM had a dedicated and high performing sales forces. This enabled is to increase its sales and to earn high profit  from its mainframe computers.

     iii) IBM was able to offers excellent services to its clients, thereby enchaining customers loyalty. 

    iv) IBM had adequate capital, which enabled it to develop new products and to offer high quality services.

    Weaknes:

      i) IBM did not focus on market research in order to identity customer needs. Consequently, it was not able to develop new product in time to satisfy emerging market needs.  

     ii) IBM research and development initiative focused on improving its existings product rather than developing new ones. Thus it always developed new product to compete with other rather than to satisfy customer needs.

Consequently the company lost its competitiveness in the hardware segment of the market. 

    iii) IBM lost its competitive due to its inability to reduce its operating cost. Finally the company had an undesirable organizational culture, which discouraged innovation and cooperation among its technical teams members.

 

3. external environment surrounding IBM

        IBM is helping customers to become more energy efficient, implement new ways to source, manufacture and distribute goods and services in a more sustainable manner, enable safe and renewable sources of energy and manage resources at a macro level, transforming entire industries’ has put a great deal of effort into branding itself as a green, sustainable company. On their website, they have an entire section named “Let's Build a Smarter Planet” where they explore how their technology is actively improving our ecosystem and environment

(https://www.ibm.com/ibm/environment/)

 

4.IBM's business model and replace with one of your own that you would think

ANSWER  :- 

IBM Founded in the year 1911, It  is multinational IT Company based in America. The business model of IBM or international Business Machines Corporation revolves around Cloud computing, Artificial intelligence, Computer hardware, and Computer software business model is based around providing software that allows large corporations to connect their disparate software system and improve their IT performance.

The IBM has been providing a lot of services of the clients which make it reliable and dependable at the same time.  ever since its existence the company  has been widely adopted in difference countries and has about 175 countries different branches all over the world.

There are also about 400,000 employees which are currently working in the company.

IBM is dedicated to innovate and develop in the fields of mainframe, nanotechnology, personal computers to digital data management, virtualization and cloud services.

Hence the company’s value propositions also revolves around these factors. Key parts of IBM’s value proposition are-

• Software to Connect Applications
• Hardware to deliver specialized business solutions
• Services to assist companies to deliver IT more efficiently
• Artificial Intelligence

Channelization of IBM business model occurs through direct sales and advertising.also it involved in targeting large corporations as their customer segments.

Key Activities of IBM Business Model are

       - Research and Developments

       -Operations

The IBM Company is also using such services such as strategic outsourcing, integrated technology, support, Cloud, and other services as well.IBM is also offering some of the services to the people who need some software assistance as well. There are some operating systems which are provided to the people along with middleware in the best way.

Some of the other key software of IBM are

WebSphere

Rational

Information Management

Tivoli

Mobile

Social Workforce 

link-https://www.marketing91.com/business-model/

5, answer-

IBM had suffered in so many problems at the mid of it's journey, there were so many companies compete with their activities but they're unsuccessful                                         major problems that were developing during the 1970s and 1980s. The first major problem, which Cary had recognized as early as 1970, was that the mainframe computer market was starting to mature. Almost every large U.S. business company possessed a mainframe computer, as had most scientific and higher education institutions. IBM also had saturated then international market. As a result, IBM's rate of growth was falling even though its revenues were increasing, they were increasing at a decreasing rate. In the mature mainframe market, competition was increasing from companies that were trying to find ways to attract IBM's customers and share in the huge revenues in the mainframe computer market. Its major competitors at the time were Amdahl, Honeywell, Burroughs, Univac, NCR, and Control Data.Many of these companies began offering IBM's customers mainframe systems at a lower cost than expensive IBM systems. Initialy, IBM faced competition only from companies selling IBM-compatiblep peripheral equipment such as disk drives, storages devices and printers at lower prices than IBM's products,then the nature of competition was changing IBM's decided to competitors began selling cheaper and slowly IBM balance thier market

HI assignment 2

             Cultivable Command Area (CCA): The area which can be irrigated from a scheme and is fit for cultivation. Cultivable area: It consists of net area sown, current fallow, fallow lands, other lands, current fallow, culturable waste and land under miscellaneous tree crops.

          Gross command area (GCA): The total area lying between drainage boundaries which can be commanded or irrigated by a canal system. G.C.A = C.C.A + unculturable area

new project

The Fall of 1BM

Depending on the theories and materials

you studied during this mini semester,

analyze the case study of lBM (The Fall of

BM

Suggested areas you need to discuss:

1. History and development and

growth of the company over

time

2. What are the company's (IBM)

internal strength and

weaknesses?

3. The nature of the external

environment surrounding IBM?

4.

Describe IBM's business model

and replace with one of your

own that you would think, in

hindsight, would have made the

company a formidable

competitor to Apple and

Microsoft.

5. Did IBM's problems in your

opinion, aroused from the

strategic planning or execution?

6. Your recommendations.