revit design  time lap

https://youtu.be/xOrB53h-ghA

balanced to achieve the desired outcomes in an operational environment.

Task 1 of 4

Assess the constraints which need to be balanced to achieve the desired outcomes in an operational environment. Evaluate how these constraints correlate with each other and provide suitable examples from day-to-day operations to depict their interdependencies. 

Task 2 of 4

Highlightdifferences and similarities between Operations management and Project management by giving relevant examples from open and multi-source industry sectors. Highlight importance of planning, monitoring and control in their methodologies.

Task 3 of 4

Assess the application of various modern operations management tools and techniques such as Kaizen, JIT, Six Sigma, Kanban and MRP, to functional areas such as (1) Inventory management (2) Manufacturing (3) Distribution and, (4) Logistics. 

Task 4 of 4

Provide real life examples from organizations to show how they have achieved improvements in applying strategy, and enhancing efficiency and productivity through implementing benchmarks and best practices in the following operational areas: 

1. Automation and technology

2. Capacity planning

3. Quality assurance and control

4. Warehousing and storage

Suggested Structure of your work:

• Table of Contents

• Introduction

• Main Body

• Start to answer the question considering all the points relevant.

• Summary / Conclusion

• References

2nd Operational Management

Task 2::

Operation management 

      Operations management is an area of management concerned with designing and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the priduction of good or services.It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficent in terms of using as few resources as needed and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements. Operations management is primarily concerned with planning, organizing and supervising in the contexts of production, manufacturing or the provision of services.

Importance Planning of opertional management are ::

 Operations management planning is the development of plans and strategies that will allow your business to effectively seize opportunities and meet challenges head on. It's linking strategic business goals to tactical objectives, which are intermediate steps taken to achieve your goals. 

Monitoring ::

  Monitoring operations requires management oversight, employee feedback and customer reviews. It can help provide specific directions for employees, which can lead to improved time management and increased productivity. 

Steps to quality monitoring our  business operations to ensure our organisation remains competitive.are":

• Implement operational process improvements

•Measurement of the operative performance

•Collect relevant data

•Analyse all collected information

•Engage your employees

•Establish communication channels and strategies

•Implement new protocols and workflows

 Control in their methodologies::

  

Project Management 

      Project management is the process of leading the work of a team to achieve goals and meet success criteria at a specified time. The primary challenge of project management is to achieve all of the project goals within the given constraints.

Importance of planning in project management are::

  Planning is the most critical stage in any project. It guides the stakeholders, teams, sponsors, and project managers on how to go about the other project phases. It helps identify the goals, avoid missing deadlines, prioritizing essential tasks, reduce risks, and deliver the desired results.

Here are some compelling reasons why careful planning is essential in project management.

▪︎Clear Focus and objectives --

Break up the project into smaller tasks for the team to perform and achieve. This ensures everyone focuses on the project’s main goal.

A good project manager clearly defines the roles of all the team members to avoid any confusion and highlights roles that are interdependent. In case any confusion arises, the team can always go back to the plan to clarify.

▪︎Communication--

Proper planning facilitates communication. With proper communication, your team is aware of the tasks they need to perform and the deadlines set to accomplish them.

▪︎Task Dependencies--

Through planning, the project manager can identify tasks that are dependent on each other and schedule them accordingly. 

▪︎Planning Resources Allocation--

Through effective planning, the project manager can procure enough resources for the project to run smoothly. This also allows him or her to allocate resources effectively and efficiently and avoid wastage in the long run.

Moreover, effective resource allocation enables the team to run the project within the budget line, often with some cost savings.

▪︎Risk Assessment--

You can’t know what challenges you might face in the course of the project if you don’t prepare yourself beforehand. However, a good plan allows you to conduct a risk assessment and establish contingencies to help you overcome them.

▪︎Planning Project Milestones --

A good plan must include milestones to help the project manager monitor the project’s progress.

Moreover, a good plan will also provide opportunities to re-evaluate deadlines, scope, and deliverables, thereby making adjustments where necessary.

Monitoring::

Project Monitoring refers to the process of keeping track of all project-related metrics including team performance and task duration, identifying potential problems and taking corrective actions necessary to ensure that the project is within scope, on budget and meets the specified deadlines.  

When project managers make important decisions without verified data, it is like taking a stab in the dark. Your decisions will be based on very little to no evidence so the action may not be very efficient and could only be a waste of time and resources.

That’s why it is important to monitor projects diligently and use the data you gathered to come up with intelligent decisions.

Here are some questions answered through project monitoring:

• Are tasks being carried out as planned?
• Are there any unforeseen consequences that arise as a result of these tasks?
• How is your team performing at a given period of time?
• What are the elements of the project that needs changing?
• What is the impact of these changes?
• Will these actions lead you to your expected results?

Automated tools and technologies can simplify the tedious process of project monitoring. Most project managers have already adapted project management tools to delegate tasks and monitor their projects. However, project monitoring is a complex process and there are only a few project management apps out there that can support the project manager’s requirement to have laser-focus on individual tasks and team efficiency.

Control in their methodoligies::

 The feature of project control for project management and they are

•Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

•Integrated baseline review

•Capital works project integration with       project operations made easy

•Project controls allowing for contractor input

•Enhanced risk analysis

•Better progress monitoring capabilities

•Project controls drive project value down the line

 The project management methodologies list are:

•Waterfall methodology

•Agile methodology

•Scrum methodology

•kanban methodology

•scrumban methodology

•Extreme programming (XP) methodology

•Adaptive Project framework (APF) methodology

•Lean Methodology

•critical patg method

•Critcal Chain Project management

• New Product introduction

•Package enabled reengineering

•Outcome mapping

•Six Sigma

•PMI's PMBOK

•PRINCES2 Methodology

•Rapid application development methodologies.

The difference between Operation management and project management are:-

1. Schedule

The operations manager has day-to-day management responsibilities and many of those tasks will take place on a business as usual schedule. vs. The project manager is responsible for ensuring that the project stays on time.

2. Budget

An operational manager is responsible for the department budget and the overheads related to running that department. vs. A project manager is responsible only for the budget relating to the particular project that he or she is working on at the time.

3. State

An operational manager has one single state to work with. vs. A project manager moves from one state to another i.e. results in change, moreover, the task is to become a perfect conductor between departments.

4. Period of time

An operational manager can not say about the real start and end points of his work. vs. A project manager has a definable start and end points (limited by the time of a project)

5. The main purpose

An operational manager is a product or process oriented vs. Obviously project orientation of a PM.

The similarities between porject managment and operation management are :-

* Both are performed by individuals.

* Both are planned , executed and controlled.

* Both are designed to meet the organizational and the strategic objectives.

* Both are subject to constrains such as schedule and resources.

Examples from and multi-sources industry sectors are:-

Task 3of 4

   Kaizen ::

    Kaizen is a Japanese term meaning "change for the better" or "continuous improvement." It is a Japanese business philosophy regarding the processes that continuously imptove operation and involve all employees. Kaizen sees improvement in productivity as a gradual and methodical process.

 Funtional areas of kaizen are::

● Inventory management 

     Basically, Kaizen is a Japanese philosophy that means continual, incremental improvement. ... KAI = Change and ZEN = Good or for the better. This report is an illustration of how Kaizen can be used to remove MUDA (waste) from processes, in this case the process of inventory management.

● Manufacturing 

     Kaizen, a Sino-Japanese word that means "change for better", is most commonly referred to by lean manufacturers as the practice of "continuous improvement." Kaizen is an approach to manufacturing honed and perfected by many Japanese manufacturers in the 1960s and 1970s that eventually lead to the global rise of Japanese automobile manufacturers and their reputation for quality. Toyota's approach to manufacturing is a prime example of Kaizen in action. 

    Kaizen (Continuous Improvement) is a strategy where employees at all levels of a company work together proactively to achieve regular, incremental improvements to the manufacturing process. In a sense, it combines the collective talents within a company to create a powerful engine for improvement.

● Distribution :

Achieving business impirvement in distrubtion: 

Distribution companies  take a look at each area of their business, including people, process, supply chain, function and systems – and seek best practice in each area; even the small changes will add up over time and result in a large gap when comparing to the start point.

In our distribtion step to acheving sucess in modern distrubtion getting the basic right these business areas:

• The ability to profile customers and buying trends
• Inventory optimisation for improved cashflow
• Optimising fulfilment rates
• Recognising and reducing errors
• Achieving on-time delivery
• Increase average order sizes
• Lowering or controlling costs
• Facilitating internal and external collaboration across the supply chain

● Logistic :

     KAIZEN in logistics and supply chain via the Total Flow Management  system is one that includes the entire supply chain of a given company. The starting point for the design is the point where you are located in the supply chain. Maybe your organization is a manufacturing facility or a product-distribution facility. By applying the model, you will be creating your internal pull-flow system and also considering how you can expand this model, both downstream of your supply chain and upstream.

JIT ( Just-in-time) :

  

   Just-in-time also known as JIT is an inventory management method whereby labour, material and goods (to be used in manufacturing) are re-filled or scheduled to arrive exactly when needed in the manufacturing process.

Functional areas :

● Inventory Management 

    The just-in-time(JIT) inventory system is a management strategy that aligns raw-material orders from suppliers directly with production schedules. Companies employ this inventory strategy to increase efficiency and decrease waste by receiving goods only as they need them for the production process, which reduces inventory costs. This method requires producers to forecast demand accurately.

The JIT inventory system contrasts with just-in-case strategies, wherein producers hold sufficient inventories to have enough product to absorb maximum market demand.

JIT inventory management strategy has a number of potential benefits for businesses:

• Lower inventory holding cost – with inventory purchased or produced at short notice there’s no need to have unsold inventory taking up valuable warehouse space.
• Improved cash flow – without the need to store large volumes of inventory at all times, capital expenditure is reduced, and cash can be invested elsewhere.
• Less dead stock – because inventory levels rely on customer demand, there’s less risk of unwanted stock left sitting in your warehouse.

● Manufacturing 

  Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing is desgined to avoid the waste associated with ovetproduction, waiting and excess inventory, three of the seven waste categories defibed in the Toyota production system.

Some of the advantages of JIT are:

1. JIT aims at keeping the stock holding to bare minimum leading to much lower inventory cost and much lower storage and warehouse cost.
2. Minimum inventory at all stages of supply chain means lesser expiry and lesser wastage for the organization.
3. JIT manufacturing aims at producing items based on the demand. Hence all items produced will be sold. So no obsolete items in the finished goods section. It helps the organization to adapt well to any changes in product specification from the market without the fear of having any kind of waste and obsolete stocks.
4. To achieve JIT production, there is a need for very close communication between all the parties involved in the entire supply chain. This communication technique is often referred as “Kanban”. 
5. In JIT, immense focus is on quality of the final product and companies work to achieve “first time right” for all goods.

Disadvantage of JIT are:

1. JIT production can be very sensitive to any kind of error. Since bare minimum inventory levels are maintained, there is no room for any kind of error.
2. JIT production will not be able to adapt well to sudden increase in volume of demand from the market, since the inventory levels are maintained at much lower level.
3. Just in time manufacturing is a philosophy which is achieved only when all the parties involved in the whole supply chain will work in great tandem and coordination. JIT may fail sometime if any of the suppliers will fail to fulfil their obligations and respond to the requirements in a timely manner.

● Logistic

JIT applied to production systems increases the pressure on logistics, which needs to work with maximum efficiency. JIT methodology makes it essential for the relationship between different suppliers (raw material, components, services) and its B2B customers to be fluid, with open and efficient communication.

With the globalisation of markets, greater competitiveness and the boom in electronic commerce, consumers demand greater variety in products and reduced delivery times. 

The Just-in-Time system has spread its application beyond production systems since just-in-time logistics is spoken of in customer service, order preparation inventory management and transport.

In supply chain management (SCM) it is necessary to have warehouses at those points in the chain where the goods have to stop, either to store them until they are sold or waiting for their distribution or temporary storage awaiting transport.

Warehouses also have to follow JIT principles, making it necessary to eliminate anything that could be considered to be unnecessary; speeding up picking tasks in the preparation of orders by using automated  system which reduce inventory errors, speeding up tasks related to reverse logistics, optimising the routes for fork lift trucks or warehouse workers and using the most suitable metal racking  systems for each level of rotation and goods flow.

● Distribution :

 SIX SIGMA :-

Six Sigma (6σ) is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement. It was introduced by American engineer Bill Smith while working at Motorola  in 1986. Jack Welch made it central to his business strategy at General ectric in 1995. A six sigma process is one in which 99.99966% of all opportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to be free of defects.

● Inventory Management :

Inventory management plays two critical roles in Lean Six Sigma. Firstly, the management of raw materials and semi-finished goods in the lean manufacturing process. Secondly, inventory control of finished goods held in a warehouse by manufacturers. 

As a component of lean manufacturing, stock levels of raw materials and semi-finished products need to be controlled and managed.

This will reduce waste and optimize the production workflow.

Accordingly, Lean Six Sigma is used to identify and eliminate these root causes.

A. Lean Six Sigma in Action : 

Root causes in inventory management can be described as higher and lower-level root causes. Often, excess stock, dead stock and obsolete inventory is caused by higher-level root causes. These include purchasing lead times, forecasting, quality and design issues. Consequently, these can then be broken down further into lower-level root causes.

B. Lean Inventory Management For the Future :

Just as Six Sigma evolved into Lean Six Sigma for today’s decade, it stands to reason that lean management principles equally apply to inventory management. This results in Lean Inventory Management principles for businesses outside of manufacturing. This is especially so for wholesalers, distributors and retailers who deal in physical goods. 

Lean management, or Lean for short, is an approach to running an organization that supports the concept of continuous improvement. 

Using lean principles in inventory management can result in quantifiable improvements for small and medium-sized businesses. 

C. Principles of lean Inventory Management:

Like Six Sigma, there are five guiding principles in Lean Inventory Management. You can recognise some from past quality management and manufacturing principles of the past decades.  Thus so, methodologies can adapt and evolve to suit pressing issues that businesses face today.

1. Value. Identify the value that a company will get from Lean Inventory Management.
2. Flow. Optimize the flow of inventory through the business by removing obstacles in the way. This comes from the Japanese 5S Lean principle (Sort, Straighten, Sweep, Standardize, Sustain).
3. Pull. Move inventory only when requested by the customer. This is adapted from the Kanban Lean principle.
4. Responsiveness. Be flexible and adapt to change. This is influenced by the Kaizen Lean principle.
5. Perfection. Continuously refine your inventory management processes to improve quality, cycle time, efficiency and cost.

D. Lean Inventory Management in the organization :

Applying Lean Inventory Management principles to a business will see a change in at least six areas of the organization:

1. Demand management:  we should only move inventory upon an order by a customer.
2. Cost and waste reduction: But not to the extent of negatively affecting the customer.
3. Process standardization : Standardizing, for example, on transportation and business processes.
4. Industry standardization: Standardizing on product parts and components.
5. Cultural change : Everyone along the supply chain must work as a team. Similarly, this echoes principles from Just-in-Time manufacturing.
6. Cross-organization collaboration : Teams that cut across the organization can help to understand value better. 

● Distribution :

   Six Sigma is a data-driven approach to problem-solving. 

The term “Normal Distribution Curve” or “Bell Curve” is used to describe the mathematical concept called normal distribution, sometimes referred to as Gaussian distribution. It refers to the shape that is created when a line is plotted using the data points for an item that meets the criteria of ‘Normal Distribution’.

The structure of a normal distribution curve. The center contains the value where the value of the greatest number of data points occur and therefore would be the highest point on the arc of the line. This point of the normal distribution curve is the mean or average. 

The normal distribution curve is one of the most important statistical concepts in Lean Six Sigma. Lean Six Sigma solves problems where the number of defects is too high. A high number of defects statistically equals high variation in the process. The normal distribution curve visualizes the variation in a dataset. 

● Logistic :

     Six Sigma Logistics has become the backbone for any business these days as it provides that important competitive advantage in the market, for any company. The Six Sigma approach of eliminating the defects or minimizing the variations in a process can be very handy if applied to logistics.  This is because such an approach can increased the satisfactiob level of both external and internal clients and in turn can result in financial benefit.

• DMAIC or Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve- Control is one such method, devised for seamless assimilation of the Six-Sigma approach to logistics. It overhauls and improves the entire internal logistical process and ensures reduction of defects. It also reduces the mean route time and the route time variability.

• Variation reduction and logistics

In any business that involves logistics, variation reduction is an important concept. Logistics is all about managing inventory and this depends heavily on managing variance. 

 It is evident that for Six Sigma to be successful in logistics, it should be driven with a sustained focus on quality improvement and customer relations.

   MRP ::

 Material requirements planning (MRP) is a production planning, scheduling and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing  processes. Most MRP systems are software-based, but it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well.

●Inventory management

Material requirements planning (MRP) is a computer-based inventory management system designed to assist production managers in scheduling and placing orders for items of dependent demand. Dependent demand items are components of finished goods—such as raw materials, component parts, and subassemblies—for which the amount of inventory needed depends on the level of production of the final product. 

The first MRP systems of inventory management evolved in the 1940s and 1950s. They used mainframe computers to explode information from a bill of materials for a certain finished product into a production and purchasing plan for components. Before long, MRP was expanded to include information feedback loops so that production personnel could change and update the inputs into the system as needed. 

● Manufacturing :

    A critical input for material requirements planning is a bill of materials (BOM) —an extensive list of raw materials, components, and assemblies required to construct, manufacture or repair a product or service. BOM specifies the relationship between the end product (independent demand) and the components (dependent demand). Independent demand originates outside the plant or production system, and dependent demand refers to components.

Companies need to manage the types and quantities of materials they purchase strategically; plan which products to manufacture and in what quantities; and ensure that they are able to meet current and future customer demand—all at the lowest possible cost. MRP helps companies maintain low inventory levels. Making a bad decision in any area of the production cycle will cause the company to lose money. By maintaining appropriate levels of inventory, manufacturers can better align their production with rising and falling demand.

● Distribution 

    Material requirements planning (MRP) and distribution requirements planning (DRP) calculates organization-specific net requirements from gross requirements by evaluating:

• the master schedule

• bills of material

• sourcing rules

• supply chain bills

• scheduled receipts

• on-hand inventory balances

• production and transportation lead times

• order modifiers
• 
  

● Logistic 

     Material requirements planning (MRP) is a planning and control system for inventory, production, and scheduling. MRP converts the master schedule of production into a detailed schedule, so that you can purchase raw materials and components. 

     MRP Logistics in the business of cargo movements on Door-to-Door basis through Air, Train and Surface and delivering goods. We have our team of logistics professionals and many companies are availing our services in logistics solutions. They are getting hassle free logistics services enable them to concentrate on their competitors. We are also proving door-to-door local deliveries to many companies dealing in the business of information technology.

Kanban ::

   Kanban definition. Initially, it arose as a scheduling system for lean manufacturing, originating from the Toyota Production System (TPS).  In the late 1940s, Toyota introduced “just in time” manufacturing to its production. 

Kanban is a workflow management method for defining, managing and improving services that deliver knowledge work. It aims to help you visualize your work, maximize efficiency, and improve continuously. From Japanese, kanban is translated as billboard or signboard. Originating from manufacturing, it later became a  claimed by Agile software development teams. 

● Inventory Management 

  Kanban isan inventory scheduling system that allows companies to stock only needed components and arts in the production or distribution process.  In lean manufacturing, the process pulls materials through the production or distribution process. The Kanban system provides a signal for reordering or replenishing stock.

The goal of a Kanban inventory system is to continually maintain the minimum amount of stock. The beauty of the way the supermarket managed its inventory was that it only stocked items it expected to sell them in a given time. 

Benefits of a Kanban Inventory System

  A. Reduce Inventory Levels and Costs: 

  B.Customer Demand Determines Need: 

  C.No Storage in the Production Area

  D. Provides Managers Progress Reports: 

  E. Reduces Obsolete Inventory: 

  F.Prevents Overproduction

  G. Lean Inventory:

● Manufacturing 

     Kanban is an inventory control system used in Just-in-time manufacturing . It was developed by Taiichi Ohno, an industrial engineer at Toyota, and takes its name from the colored cards that track production and order new shipments of parts or materials as they run out. 

    Kanban in manufacturing is an inventory organization structure that uses visual cues to move inventory though various stages of the manufacturing process.

It is a tool for lean manufacturing that aims to prevent inventory pileup by initiating production only to restock empty reserves.

● Distribution ::

  Kanban isan inventory scheduling system that allows companies to stock only needed components and arts in the production or distribution process.  In lean manufacturing, the process pulls materials through the production or distribution process. The Kanban system provides a signal for reordering or replenishing stock.

●Logistic ::

     The literal translation of Kanban in Japanese is “signboard.” This is because, originally, poster board cards were used to request the parts that were needed from the previous process.

Advangtage of the kanban method in logistics and production :

The Kanban system is a perfect match for the just-in-time method because it:

• Allows you to visualize the work being carried out and, thus, easily identify each stage of the production or replenishment cycle.
• Enables you to set work in progress (WIP) limits to prevent bottlenecks.
• Lets you measure lead time between processes, that is, the time it takes to complete each phase.
• Works, by linking the various stages, as a control system for production and for the materials available in the different warehouses.
• Prevents overproduction and excess stock, thereby saving storages space .

Operation Management

Task 4 :: 

Technology:

Technologies are a vital part of R&D. Nestle engineers working in R&D in a variety of fields – from packaging and equipment, to food processing technologies and manufacturing new beverage systems such as Nespresso, Nescafé Dolce Gusto, Special. T and BabyNes.

Alongside engineers, of food scientists develop processes and technologies that enable the development of safe, nutritious foods and beverages while keeping us on the cusp of new developments in food science and technology.

Nestlé has developed, and/or is a world-leader in a large number of different technologies. Here are a few examples:

• Fermentation and probiotics: The Nestlé Research Centre was one of the first to look at the molecular interaction of probiotics with intestinal cells. We have sequenced several probiotic genomes, so that we can better understand their characteristics and mechanisms of action.
• Extrusion: We have strong expertise in hot extrusion (eg infant and breakfast cereals), co-extrusion (eg filled bars and snacks) and cold extrusion (eg ice-cream and chocolate).
• Healthier fats: We have also developed technologies that allow us to use natural vegetable oils instead of partially hydrogenated fats in our Maggi bouillon cubes and seasonings.
• Foam booster technology: This produces the creamy head for Nescafé Cappuccino, with less fat, and which is much denser and longer-lasting than regular foam. In 2002 we relaunched Nescafé Cappuccino with our new foaming mix products, which we created these using our foam booster technology.
• Malt extraction: We have developed a new process for malt extraction for Milo that meant less sucrose and more complex carbohydrates in the product. It was launched in Malaysia in 2006, and in 2007 it was rolled out across Asia.
• Portion dispensing systems: This know-how is essential for our beverage systems.

Nestle Capacity Planning

Capacity is the total maximum level of output a business can produce in a given period. This allows a business to meet the level of demand for a product.

Capacity utilisation is the actual output per annum.

Capacity planning is the process of determining the production capacity needed by an organization to meet changing demands for its products. In the context of capacity planning, design capacity is the maximum amount of work that an organization is capable of completing in a given period. Examples of this is the seasonality of products.

@ The nestle beverages plant in suffolk ,Virginia (USA) roasts, grinds, and packages a variety of coffees. The plantcontains two separate facilities .One facility has a large capacity with continuous process for producing their  primary brand .This line has one batch stage, roasting, but the batches are large enough (measured in 1000 lb) tokeep the rest of line running in a continuous process fashion .The other facility is designed to run small batches of approximately 400 lb. this line is designed as a strict batch processing operation .the roasters are designed to process400 lb, at a time, and instead of feeding into a continuous process operation, the roasted beans are stored inspecially designed hoppers .These hoppers are on wheels so that they may be stored as work inprocess (WIP). theseWIP batches are then scheduled through the grinding and pac

kaging stages according to promised delivery dates.



Nestle did not design the plant with two separate facilities strictly for capacity Reasons .

The primary reasons was toallow them to run small batches of specialty coffees for smaller customers .The large continuous process facilitycould be used to adjust to fluctuations in demand caused by seasonal or cyclical influences .Although it is moreexpensive to produce 1 lb of coffee on the batch process than on thecontinuous process line, producing 1 lb of coffe according to actual schedule of demand  is cheaper to the combined facilities compared to the continuous process facility (if a double

shift operation is considered) ,because of the flexibility of the small batch line.

Quality assurance and cntrol :

Quality assurance defined as a tool in quality system to fulfilled quality requirements of product and service by planning and systematic activities.

    

1. Evaluate current processes

A sound automation strategy begins by conducting a thorough assessment of existing business processes. It begins with a look at tasks and procedures that are highly labor-intensive, especially those that add little value. Tasks are that are the most time- and labor-intensive are those that are the top targets for automation.

2. Capitalize on existing automated systems

Many producers already have systems that are automated and integrated, operating on a common network or platform. However, full integration is the optimal state, where all systems across the enterprise are connected, with data shared across the organization.

Packaging, in particular, is an area where fully implemented integration has been elusive. Individual components and machines are integral parts of many such packaging systems. When one of those components is offline due to maintenance or repair, the entire packaging system can halt.

Integrating the whole system greatly lessens the reliance on one component and the unfortunate consequences that arise when that component breaks down.

3. Seek systems with intuitive controls

User-friendly automation systems are critical. Without them, there are likely to be higher training costs, especially as food and beverage manufacturing traditionally relies on an older workforce. Automation should use software that is easy to learn, use, and master to make adoption as frictionless as possible.

Many food producers still rely on manual processes. Automation can reduce production costs by identifying inefficient and low-profit procedures.

4. Use integrated platforms

Today, employees, leaders, and key stakeholders can be anywhere, using multiple device types to connect to systems. Increasingly, these devices are mobile. Your automation systems need to support multiple devices and be accessible and functional across platforms. Data needs to be easily accessible from mobile devices and not bind employees to their desks in order to access features.

5. Develop performance metrics

It’s important for manufacturers to establish measures, including key performance indicators that measure the impact and efficacy of the automation solutions that are implemented. Whether these measures reflect shortened lead times, less waste, shorter production cycles, fewer processing costs, or lower personnel costs, the need for measures against baselines should be determined, tracked and used.

These measures can inform not only performance but also, other opportunities for improvements and future purchases.

6. Focus on early payment choices

Many vendors provide valuable incentives for early payment discounts. These discounts can considerably reduce project costs, making the choice about adoption clearer for companies debating whether to fully invest.

NexTec Group helps companies identify the enterprise resource planning (ERP) tools necessary to integrate automation across the food and beverage company. With ERP, companies pull together data from operational, financial, sales, and customer relations areas, providing holistic looks at the information, reporting, and analysis necessary to improve operations.

We help companies find the right ERP solution to fit the needs, budgets, and automation tools in place and planned. Download the NexTec Ebook – Reduce food waste and improve to learn how NexTec can help select and implement an ERP solution that drives results.

MIWW modul 1

Q. explain sedimentation filtration and Disinfectio ?

Sedimentation is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from water.^[1] Solid particles entrained by the turbulence of moving water may be removed naturally by sedimentation in the still water of lakes and oceans. Settling basins are ponds constructed for the purpose of removing entrained solids by sedimentation.^[2] Clarifiers are tanks built with mechanical means for continuous removal of solids being deposited by sedimentation

  Suspended solids (or SS), is the mass of dry solids retained by a filter of a given porosity related to the volume of the water sample.

The limit sedimentation velocity of a particle is its theoretical descending speed in clear and still water. In settling process theory, a particle will settle only if :-

1. In a vertical ascending flow, the ascending water velocity is lower than the limit sedimentation velocity.
2. In a longitudinal flow, the ratio of the length of the tank to the height of the tank is higher than the ratio of the water velocity to the limit sedimentation velocity.

Removal of suspended particles by sedimentation depends upon the size, zeta potential and specific gravity of those particles.

Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will cause people to fall ill.

Disinfection can be attained by means of physical or chemical disinfectants.

For chemical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used:
- Chlorine (Cl₂)
- Chlorine dioxide (ClO₂)
- Hypo chlorite (OCl^-)
- Ozone (O₃)
- Halogens: bromine (Br₂), iodene (I)
- Bromine chloride (BrCl)
- Metals: copper (Cu²⁺), silver (Ag⁺)
- Kaliumpermanganate (KMnO₄)
- Fenols
- Alcohols
- Soaps and detergents
- Kwartair ammonium salts
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Several acids and bases
For physical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used:
- Ultraviolet light (UV)
- Electronic radiation
- Gamma rays
- Sounds
- Heat

2.Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rain, rather than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from a roof-like surface and redirected to a tank, cistern, deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), aquifer, or a reservoir with percolation.

A rainwater harvesting system has three main stages

1) Collecting & transporting rainwater

This is done through catchment areas & conduits. The catchment of a water harvesting system is the surface which receives rainfall directly.

It can be a paved area like the terrace or courtyard of a building. Conduits are the pipelines that carry rainwater from the catchment or rooftop to the harvesting system.

Filtration

A filter unit is a chamber filled with filtering media to remove debris and dirt from water before it enters the storage tank or recharge structure.

3) Storage in tanks for reuse / Recharging the groundwater levels

The harvested water can now be stored in storage tanks for immediate usage, which are designed according to the water requirements of the society.

Existing non-potable water storage tanks in the society can also be used to store the harvested rainwater.

strategic leadership

Q1. You are CEO of a succesful company based in dubai. Suggest a criteria and stratgey that you shall follow and adhere to ensure your sytle of leadership is ethical.

Q2. Details and list guideliness or critia and explain why you choose that stratgey and how you shall lead to that startegy as a major part of your leadership.

Q3. Give 3 real life example of leadership that show in industry today successful ethical.

Q4. Give 3 real example of leadership they show in industry today leadership action that perhaps fell of being classifed as ethical leadership.

1answer:-  Ethical leadership is exhibiting moral and values is a management position. An ethical leader demonstrates charater, morals and virture in their work  focusing on the needs and rights of their employees.

As I am CEO i think being a transformational leader, a person who motivates his team by encourging them and ensuring respect, hinesty, and trust are practices in the country.

The criteria and strategy that I follow of my sytle of leadership is ethical and they are ;:-

(a) think of the welfare of your employees::-

  To be the Ceo we should know how to care of our employees and this is not only for how we gives reward and perks to members of oyr team. Aside fron gives them comprehensive helath insurance , and also offer them the option to earn and give them bonus benefits. As for listening to tye grivance of staff people, that these are acted upon like the case in which an employee forwarded a complaints aboyr work schedule and share it via an interviews.

(b) Hire The right people for the team ::-

  For Ceo getting the right employeebis more important than telling people what to do. Although I believes in inspering and motivating maangees and team to be more driven,. I also belive that hiring the right people to be part of the  company is equally important . The choosing  process plays a significant role in the success of the company beacuse it takes less time to enchange the skill of competent people than teach skills to people who are not really fit for the job. Always be being a good communicator as a leader.

(C) Learn to respect and support diversity :-

 As i ceo is aware that haveing regional offices means having to dwal with people pf differnt ethnicties and cultures background. This is one of the reason behind the desgin of my companies being made accoridng to the perfernces and practices of the community and suppliera as well as customers. What i do is to identify the needs of the market and base on that the list of product on these needs.

(D) promote open communication.::-

 Every employee is differnt, even if they share similarities with each decision I make be transparent and enciurage feedbeacks from our team. This help me become a better leader and helps my workers feel more cofudent sharing their ideas or concerns.

"I  believe that one of the important responsibilities for the nodern company is to creare an environment where open communication is encouraged and that more importantly prople are listened to".

Most important thing is gathering feedback from your team help you improve as a leader and peopke your business forward.

 " management is all about the people"

(E) lead by examples "::-

To build  an ethical company, we must start form the top down. Yout employee will see yout behaviour , choice, and valur and will adopt them in their own pratices.

"To effectively lead, the ethical leader walk the line he or she wants other to follow". Leadingbby examples is the best way to ensure an ethical business.

(F) care for yourself so you are able to care for others::-

 "Having a clam and capable demeanor is the foundation flr strong leadership". This can be accomplished throygh making sure that you as a leader are foucesd on meering your own need , sleep, nurtrition true connection with loved ones".

According to chistine Matzen said , that devoting time to self -care might sound simple but its critical to support your capabilities as leader. "The leader that  is happy and content in life wanr happniess and contentment for those they lead.

2 Answer:- If one believes in the saying that great leaders are not made but are born, anyone has the opportunity to learn how to improve his or her effectiveness as a leader. Successful leadership does not depend on the number of people or the size of organization that an individual is in charge of.

First, a leader has to be a person who is able to come up with a vision and inspire others towards pursuing it. A leader must also be optimistic to be able to see positive sides in his followers and assist them in overcoming any doubt or failure to realize the organizational goal. In addition, most employees want to obey honest leaders. Other traits that make a great leader include supportiveness, facilitation of the followers, and effective communication skills, among others. These traits define the leadership style of a particular person. Some of the leadership styles include transformational leadership, autocratic leadership, democratic leadership and visionary leadership.

As I CEO i think transformational leadership style is best for a person who motivates his team by encouraging them and ensuring respect  ,honesty, and trust and practiced in the company. Thus the reason why i Choose tranformational leadership style for my company

Transformational leaders are able to lead through adaptation of their organization to changes within the environment of operation. Thus, change can never occur without planning and execution. Leaders must know that a real change occurs in the character of organizational stakeholders. Any failure to realize this will only provide a cosmetic and short-lived change experience. Thus, a transformation leader must be able to progressively restructure an organization by eliminating approaches, which do not properly work. However, it is vital to keep those methods, which contribute to implementation of new cultures, structures and systems. This will require the leader to be able to identify, improve and utilize the complete potential of the employees. The leaders must also be able to align cultural and structural processes with the organizational goal.

When I start  the transformational leadership style in the  company  i faced many challenges. And later i taught the company employee on the basic priciple which made my company unique in society. Knowing about the inevitable need for growth, As a CEO it is esstenial need for transformation together and  growth through these three ps. These are people ,passion , and product.

Being a CEO its is important transformational leaders inspire their team and encourage members to develop as individuals and be part of a collective team to work towards achieving objectives. And every leader should ensures there is trust, respect, honesty and commitment in the company  is running.

Dimensions of Transformational Leadership:-

Idealized Influence – This entails being able to build confidence and earn the respect and trust of the members of one’s organization. By being a charismatic leader, followers will be more adaptive to changes when the need arises.

Inspirational Motivation – With enthusiasm and positivity, a leader will be able to motivate followers to become team players and dreamers that things are possible.

Intellectual Stimulation – Transformational leaders challenge members of the team to solve problems that arise and teach them to be creative and innovative by stimulating their minds. These allow members to voice out ideas and share their views without having the fear of being punished or reprimanded.

Individualized Consideration – With accepting the differences among employees, a transformational leader know the importance of addressing problems of workers accordingly, mentoring and offering individualized career counseling.

List and guideliness of strategy which I choose as a majort part of my leadership sytle and they are :-

1. I believes in hiring the right people.
For Being a ceo the success of my company, it is not enough to tell people what to do but to get the right people for your team.  My goal was to challenge and inspire my managers because he believes that companies need people with intuitive leadership skills. Being the inspirational communicator he is, he was able to convey his message and his managerial team came back more energized as ever.

2. I takes real good care of my employees.
When you hear people say they admire how I takes care of my team, they don’t just mean I gives them perks which he does, like exploring the possibility of offering free rides to employees. I even entitles them with comprehensive health insurance and an option to own stocks, part-time employees, included. These are on top of tuition benefits and shifting schedules not requiring back-to-back graveyard shifts. Moreover, I listens to my employees.

3. think of the welfare of your employees::-

  To be the Ceo we should know how to care of our employees and this is not only for how we gives reward and perks to members of oyr team. Aside fron gives them comprehensive helath insurance , and also offer them the option to earn and give them bonus benefits. As for listening to tye grivance of staff people, that these are acted upon like the case in which an employee forwarded a complaints aboyr work schedule and share it via an interviews.

4.promote open communication.::-

 Every employee is differnt, even if they share similarities with each decision I make be transparent and enciurage feedbeacks from our team. This help me become a better leader and helps my workers feel more cofudent sharing their ideas or concerns.

"I  believe that one of the important responsibilities for the nodern company is to creare an environment where open communication is encouraged and that more importantly prople are listened to".

Most important thing is gathering feedback from your team help you improve as a leader and peopke your business forward.

 " management is all about the people"

 5.Learn to respect and support diversity :-

 As i ceo is aware that haveing regional offices means having to dwal with people pf differnt ethnicties and cultures background. This is one of the reason behind the desgin of my companies being made accoridng to the perfernces and practices of the community and supplier as well as customers. What i do is to identify the needs of the market and base on that the list of product on these needs.

3 answer:---

The 3 real life example of leadership that show in industry today successful ethical . And the 3 ethical leader are :-

(A) sundar pichai 

(B) sheikh mohammed.

(C) mukesh ambani

  (A) sundar  pichai :-

Answered 

Introduction:- 

Sunder Pichai is a computer engineer and the current CEO of Google Inc. He is an engineering genius from IIT Kharagpur followed by Masters from Stanford and MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He is known for his innovative ideas and is best known as the mastermind behind the launch of Chrome Browser in 2008 which is one of the most popular browser on the internet.

Leadership: leadership is an individual’s skill to make strong decisions and inspire others to perform efficiently. A leader is the one who influences people and trains them to achieve better in an organisation. They are responsible to guide the team in any organisation and also understanding them, supporting them and evaluating their performance.

Importance of a Leader:

Leadership is an important function of management which helps to achieve organizational goals.

The following points justify the importance of leadership.

• Leadership Provides Future Vision: A successful leader creates a clear vision for the future and finds the best way to approach it.

• Leadership helps in managing organizational change: An effective leadership is essential for managing organization.

• Leadership helps in business understanding: It helps to develop awareness of the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities in the organization. • Leadership helps in encouraging new ideas.

He is known to be incredibly humble person at heart with an impossible dreams of advancement, improving access, and internet connectivity for underdeveloped countries.

Sundar Pichai practices what he preaches and one of his major leadership strategy is to see other people succeed and not only himself. By setting up collaborative cultures Sundar has successfully incorporated this leadership strategy throughout Google.

Following are the leadership qualities of Sundar Pichai:

a. He believes in success of others. He wants other people to be successful and help them by removing road blocks and he believes in team work

b. He has a vision of what he wants to achieve and the ability to clearly communicate his vision so that everyone in the organization understands what is needed to achieve the vision.

c. He has a willingness to take on new challenges, take calculated risks, make tough decisions, and be willing to go out on a limb for something they believe in. Transformational leaders have the courage to create a vision and make the difficult decision necessary to achieve their vision.

d. He is fuelled with passion from within. Transformational leaders have passion and motivation that people can sense and feed off of it.

e. Transformational leaders, based on their personal passion, have the ability to inspire others and get them to buy into their vision and execute it on all levels of the company.

f. While it is a bit cliché, actions do speak louder than words and when leaders live according to the standard they set, people take notice. Leaders often promise a lot, but it is the follow through that has a true impact on a leader’s ability to evoke change and get buy in

g. Transformational leaders model a company standard they expect everyone to follow. He clearly communicate their vision, expectations, and how this standard is to be carried out throughout the organization.

CONCLUSION: Transformational leadership represents the essential quality for successful management of transformational organizational changes. It is about the quality that, in fact, so called transactional management has missed to bring to an end of the transformational cycles with efficiency. In that sense, the success in realizing transformational organizational changes means that the key people in an organization (managers) develop sets of appropriate skills and attributes that are characteristic to so-called transformational leaders.

(B) Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum :-

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 Indroduction :-

Dubai is one of seven emirates which make up the United Arab Emirates and thesecond largest city after Abu Dhabi. It transformed from a small fishing port in 1960s toone of the most developed cities in the world at the present time. This development and progress of Dubai are committed to Al Maktoum family in general and to sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum in particular who succesfully converted dubai to be a worldwide city by his ideas and leadership style.

Background  of sheikh Mohammed:-

Shiekh mohammed is uae vice president and prime minister and rule of dubai since 2006, was born in dubai 1994, married to Hind bint maktoum al maktoum and to Haya bint al hussain ( sister of the king of jordan) and he has 23 son and daughter. He studies arabic and islamic studies before joining the school and in 1965 he graduated from dubai secondary school. In 1966 , he traveled to uk and studies english at Bell Education Trust English Language School. Later he studies at Mons officers cadet School ( military school training center). 

In 1969 he become the head of the dubai police forced, after that in 1971 he become the minister of defense on decmber 2nd. In 1995 has been appointed to be Dubai Crown prince. On 4 januray 2006, he become the ruler of Dubai , one day after, he crown chosen to be vice president of the United Arab Emirates. On 11 februray , he was chosen by the Frederal National Council as UAE Prime Minsiter in 2016. 

 This two Leadership style using by sheikh mohammed  in his Leadership Style  :- 

Leadership ia define as the arr of infulence others and guides them properly to earb their obedience, respect, loyalty and cooperation toward a common goal. 

(●)  The democratic leader:-

This leader always shares his people infoormation  to cope with problen and take decision. Thus , creates a social until the tean can be interest of business. By adopting this constructive suggestion offered by his/ her subordinates, leader can driven the power. This approach also encourges creativity, innovation cam build a strong motivation to work a sense of beloging. 

(●) The charismatic leader:- 

This leader encourage his tean imcrease tbeir engergy to gain more followers depending in his abilty to behave and commumicate with them. There are no special charateristic of his leadership but is always good at communicatio  and has a very good emotional level.  Any succes is ascrived to him not to his team.

Usually, the team take time to be confident with  othereaders beacuse they have commited to his charisma ( weber ,1905)

Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid known for being a democratic leadership which is now adopted in many organizations. In his leadership sytle  that makes him a great and exemplary leader in middle east and the world.

(A)  Building permanent Relationships:- 

Sheikh mohammed sees that leader must be a lion leads a group of lions to achive amibition, encourages young peooks to become creative and forgives some mistakes , because arw sometimes the way to learn and succced.

Also, sheikh mohammad thinks that leaders must have loose relationship with others and also trust in them. Leaders also should share the knowldge with people who create loyality. Actually, this exactly wgat Islam encourages the public to deal with others in their life.

This means building lasting relationships are very important not only for the leader but also for all people as well.

(B) leader should have blod vision:- 

The vision for the leader is indispensable , beacuse vision is leading the leader and push him forward. Sheikh mohammad is a good example of a great leader beacuse he has a vision of UAE economic success. Hence he buikt a vision into his country to achieve progress.

 Sheikh mohammed sees that leader must have avidion and fully believes in the abiluty to achieve this vision and achieve the dream of citzens. To do that it, is extermely important to choose the team who believes in the vision, and has the postive engery to acheive it.  

Sheikh mohammed also thinks that the word "impodsible " is a goal itself and the confidence is the kwy to accomplishing goals and surmount challenges. Beside it is really estenial to produce a clear vision for the hereafter.

( c) leading country as leading a family :-

Although sheikh mohammed is the ruler of dubai but he is also known as  "the ceo of dubai" becuase  he makes dubai and its people working as a big or a big company. He becomes obsessed with people and surrounded by immature people. In this way, everyone in the company has the exact same responsibility and duties. Therefore, enchance loyalty and everyone in the team can feel as a nember of the family.

(D) using the precious time :-

 Arab say " time is like a sword. If you did not cut it , it will cut you" and also say " dont delay todays work until tomorrow". This means we can only own time if we work gard and dont waste it. Sheikh mohammed believes that time is the  most important thing we have. So time can be watsed beacuse it is really precious, time should be used to imcrease the achievements and any plan should have a deadline to reach.

 (E)  Honoring  responsibilty:-

A leader can make a credibilty of his leadership when he fully responsible to assume all the consequences of his actions, and the outcomes of decison. 

Sheikh mohammed sees that responsibilty should be everywhere , home , work and community. And leader should honor the responsibilty of any failurr happened from his/ her decisons rather than try claiming that it is not his / her fault. Beacuse his / her psotion does not give him/ her a privilege or power, but impose a responsibilty.

(F)  Dealing with respect :-

Any dailogue requires the recognition of the differnce with the other parties and respect their different opion, attitude or judgement. Beacuse God created us different from each other, different color, religion, culture. We should not be afraid of the differnce, but respect each other and deal with each other according to this respect.

(G)  Being Number 1:- 

Sheikh mohammed belives that dubau and uae can be number one in many fields and can suprise the world, this can be achieved if everyone believs in himself and his power. 

Sheikh Mohammed quoted" I wanr dubai to be Number one . Not in the region but in the world... number one is everything , high education, health, housing.. give my peolle highest way of living" ( shiekh mohammed and making of dubai , 2010).

 Conclusion ;-

 Leadership is a critical part in the succes and one of the major key element to acheieve goals of an organization and the goverment as well. Sheikh mohammed ruler of dubai is very good example of a great leader. His leadership sytle has been explained in this paper.  Dubai has been led to an amazing success in the last 10 years by his leadership style amd qualities of having a lasting realtionship and blod vision, leading head of family , using time effectively, holding responsibilty, respecting other and being the best.

 Matching these leadership style qualties of sheikh mohammmed with the leadership sytle  in the theory. I can conclude that sheikh mohammed is a kind of decocratic leader with some charismatic leader feature.

(C)  Mukesh Ambani :-

4no. Answer:- 

(A)Bashar Al- Assad

(1) 191,000 people killed and counting:-

Syrians men evacuate a victim following an air strike by regime forces in the northern city of Aleppo on August 26, 2013. US Secretary of State John Kerry called last week's alleged chemical weapons attack in Syria a "moral obscenity," in remarks on August 26, 2013.

The main thing you need to know about Assad is that his regime is responsible for killing a huge number of people.

According to the United Nations, at least 191,000 people were confirmed killed in Syria as of April 2013. More than 8,800 were children under the age of 10.

Keep in mind that these are just "confirmed" numbers. And they are based on nearly 320,000 reported killings. The death toll is likely much higher than even that. As Navy Pillay, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said, "Tragically it is probably an underestimate of the real total number of people killed during the first three years of this murderous conflict."

2) 11,000 Syrians tortured and executed:-

In a report published in January 2013, a small team of international human rights lawyers presented conclusive evidence that the Assad regime had tortured and executed approximately 11,000 Syrians since the beginning of the conflict. Drawing on photographs and documents smuggled out of Syria by a defector from Assad's military police force, the lawyers concluded the regime has engaged in "systematic killing" on an "industrial scale."

3) Children trapped in an "archipelago of torture":-

Rights Watch (HRW) calls the vast and complex network of torture and detention maintained by Syrian security forces and intelligence agents.

"The level of torture is not comparable to any other conflict I've worked on," Anna Neistat, associate director for Program and Emergencies at HRW, told GlobalPost in 2012.

When it comes to Assad's thugs, it seems that no person is too young to be tortured. One in five detainees is a minor, says HRW. 

GlobalPost spoke with some of the children tortured and imprisoned by the regime. Their stories are horrifying.

4) Chemical weapons attacks:-

There's no shortage of war crimes when it comes to the Assad regime, but one of the more prominant violations has been the use of chemical weapons. Before the United States started bombing the Islamic State, the closest it came to striking Syria was after Aug. 21, 2013, when someone — there's international consensus that Assad's forces were the aggressors, although the regime continues to deny it — dropped weapons loaded with sarin gas on Ghouta, a rebel-held suburb outside Damascus.

More than 1,400 Syrian civilians were killed in the attack, and several hundred more were poisoned. It was the first large-scale use of chemical weapons since 1988, when Saddam Hussein used them against the Kurds near the end of the Iran-Iraq War.

Barack Obama famously warned that Assad would be crossing a "red line" if he used chemical weapons against his own people, but the United States didn't take military action and Obama probably wishes he could take that warning back.

5) Use of barrel bombs in densely populated civilian areas:-

are like chemical weapons in that they don't discriminate between civilians and soldiers, and, one could argue, this is their main value: killing huge numbers of civilians, destroying whole city blocks, and terrorizing the entire population. These bombs are highly explosive, unguided, and imprecise weapons made from cheap and available materials, like oil or water drums, and packed with explosives and scrap metal for maximum destruction. 

Assad's army has repeatedly used barrel bombs, and in densely populated cities like Aleppo, the results have been devastating to human life and city infrastructure.

6) Massacre at Houla :-

Syrian army troops hold up portraits of President Bashar al-Assad (L) and his late father, former president Hafez al-Assad, as they pull out of the southern protest hub of Daraa after a military lockdown during which dozens of people were killed in what activists termed as "indiscriminate" shelling of the town.

The scale of killing is massive. The total horror of the Assad regime, though, often reveals itself at a small scale. Take the massacre in the town of Houla.

There, according to a UN report, Syrian government forces and fighters from the brutal, pro-government militia known as the "Shabiha" ("ghosts" in Arabic) killed more than 100 civilians in May 2012. Half of the victims were children. There were reports of armed gunmen spraying homes with indiscriminate weapon fire and going house to house to kill the men, women, and children inside. 

The massacre prompted the UN Human Rights Council to pass a resolution condemning the regime for its deliberate attacks on civilians.

If you feel like getting inside the head of a Shabiha fighter — not that you'd really want to —  read this GlobalPost interview.

7) Targeting journalists:-

A Turkish demonstrator in Ankara holds pictures last week of the late Sunday Times correspondent Marie Colvin and French photojournalist Remi Ochlik, left, during protest by journalists against violence on the news media in Syria.

The US fight against the Islamic State will always be bound up in the videotaped beheadings of American journalists James Foley, who worked for GlobalPost, and Steven Sotloff. 

Rebel groups like Al Nusra and the Islamic State have played a large role in turning Syria into "the world's most dangerous country for journalists," according to Reporters Without Borders (RSF), but the Assad regime has been a major player, too. Assad's forces have consistently arrested, imprisoned, and killed journalists throughout the duration of the conflict.

Marie Colvin, an American reporter for the Sunday Times, was among the journalists killed while covering the war. She was killed alongside a prominent French photographer, Remi Ochlik, when the regime bombed a house where she was staying in the city of Homs. French President Nicolas Sarkozy claimed at the time that they'd been "assassinated," since the house was serving a well-known press center.

8) 9 million refugees:-

2.5 million Syrians have fled to neighboring countries Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, and Iraq. Another 6.5 million internally displaced persons remain in Syria.

The UN World Food Program says that nearly 6 million Syrians now rely on its food assistance programs to survive.

how to star Starbucks|| country doesn't have Starbucks|| Starbucks details 2020

Starbucks Corporation in the Global Market

Depending on the theories and materials you studied during this mini semester, analyze the case study of Starbucks Corporation.

Suggested areas you need to discuss: 

1. The nature of the external and internal environment surrounding Starbucks.   

2. Analyze Starbucks strategic Vision, Mission, and Core Values. 

3. What is Starbuck’s strategic approach to gain competitive advantage  

4. Analyze the overall Starbuck’s strategy using Porter’s Five Forces Model Competition 

5. Choose one country that Starbucks’s considered to be strong and conduct a PASTEL analysis for that country. 

6. Choose another country that Starbucks does not operate in at this time and suggest a strategic entry plan to operate in that country. 

1.The nature of the external and internal environment surrounding Starbucks.   

External environment consist of the following

i)Political/ Legal environment

Starbucks imports coffee beans from different countries and each of these countries has its own tariff and customs regulations. In addition, any political upheavals in the countries where Starbucks imports its coffee beans would greatly interfere with the company’s operations.

ii)Economic environment

The global financial crisis of 2008 greatly affected the operations of Starbucks in various countries. The recession resulted in an increase in the operational costs of the company The coffee industry is demand- driven and when economic conditions are harsh, consumers treat coffee as a luxury and this affects sales

iii)Socio-cultural environment

Consumers across the world are increasingly demanding fair practices, and this has seen many firms change their operating practices in order to accommodate these demands.The company has also had to adjust its product offerings in order to meet the growing demands of the rising number of educated and health conscious consumers.

iv) 

Technological Segment

Advances in technology affect product innovation, product services, customers’ store experience, and the way organizations are able to interact with other business partners. Technological improvements can enable a company to market its products directly to their target market using emails, text messages, and social network sites as well Throughthe use of technology, Starbucks has managed to change its product mix to suit new market segment

v) 

Competitors

The two main competitors of Starbucks are MacDonald’s McCafe and Dunkin Donuts. On the one hand, McCafe maintains a low price strategy o its products in Burritt, 2007. On the other hand, Dunkin Donuts offers customers a variety of coffee flavors to choose from, in addition to its emphasis on quality in Dicarlo, 2004.

Customers

Starbucks provides interpersonal services to its customers in whereby there is high contact between baristas, staff, and customers (Miller, 2010).. The company has tried to change the formula of some of its products to suit the tastes and preferences of customers in certain markets The management at Starbucks recognizes the important role played by the staff and Baristas, which is why they offer rewards and incentives in recognition of their exemplary work.

Internal Analysis

Products

Starbucks boasts of a wide variety of over 30 coffee products that customers can choose from. The company is always introducing novel products in the market to suit the changing demands, tastes and preferences of its growing customer base. 

Price

Starbucks’ products are priced at a premium owing to the perceived upscale image in the eyes of the consumers. In this case, Starbucks uses high pricing to differentiate itself from the rest of the competition 

Place

Most Starbucks coffee stores are located in neighborhoods with high traffic. The company’s coffee stores are also located in different large chains. The “third place” concept as practiced by Starbucks has helped to turn its stores into an ideal uenvironment away from home where customers can relax, surf the internet, or listen to music 

Promotion

One of the fundamental requirements for successful promotion is to facilitate friendly and smooth interactions among the company’s representatives and the market without compromising the efficiency manner in which a company is able to offer its services to the target market.

The success of any service firm largely depends on the ability of the organisation in question to target, acquire, get hold of, and retain keep the ‘right’ customers. Good organisations are mainly based on cultivating customer retention relationships, as opposed to the acquisition/transaction mentality. Starbucks is one such organisation.

link-  https://ivypanda.com/essays/starbucks-5/

2.Analyze Starbucks strategic Vision, Mission, and Core Values. 

Mission-Starbucks Coffee’s corporate mission is “to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time.” This mission statement reflects what the company does to keep its business running. It is clear that target consumers are given emphasis in this corporate mission. The following components of Starbucks’s corporate mission statement influence strategic management in growing the business:

1. Inspire and nurture the human spirit
2. One person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time

Starbucks Coffee “inspires and nurtures the human spirit,” starting with its employees. To address this component of its mission statement, the company maintains a small company culture, where rapport and warmth are important. In this way, the corporate mission is a direct determinant of Starbucks coffee corporate cultures.

vission-

Starbucks Coffee’s corporate vision is “to establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles while we grow.” This corporate vision statement has the following components relevant to the business:

1. Premier purveyance
2. Finest coffee in the world
3. Uncompromising principles
4. Growth

uncompromising principles” component of its corporate vision statement. These principles include ethical conduct and a warm culture. The company maintains these principles, especially during Howard Schultz’s leadership as CEO. Also, the company satisfies the “growth” component of its vision statement, as manifested in the continuing global expansion of the business through new Starbucks locations. The company now has more than 28,000 locations around the world. Thus, the business effectively addresses its corporate vision.

values--

   With their partners or customers they play a vital role to maintain their business these values:

•       Creating a culture of warmth and belonging, where everyone is welcome.
•       Acting with courage, challenging the status quo and finding new ways to grow our company and each other.
•       Being present, connecting with transparency, dignity and respect.
•       Delivering our very best in all we do, holding ourselves accountable for results.

they are performance driven, through the lens of humanity.

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3.What is Starbuck’s strategic approach to gain competitive advantage  

Strategy

Starbucks strategy is a simple saturate the market. By spreading out the outlet location it makes one store not cut the profits of another store. Usually, the stores would be placed on locations based on demographics, traffic patterns, the location of competitors as well as the location of its own stores.

However, the Starbucks strategy went against the grain. Instead of following the trend, CEO Howard Schultz had a different idea. He decided that the Starbucks strategy would be to blanket an area completely. Siding matter about one store cut the profits of another store, the Starbucks strategy focused on heavily increasing the foot traffic in one specific part of town. They think this will reduce the company’s delivery and risk, also the customer doesn’t need to stay in the waiting line for a long time. Schultz knew that his Starbucks strategy was a risk, but it was one he was willing to take.

For the result of this strategy. Starbucks quickly achieve market dominance. They have more than 20 million customers per week, this is the highest frequency of visiting customers. Since the company went public, sales have risen roughly 20% each year. Even when the rest of the economy seems to be in a slump, loyal patrons keep returning to Starbucks for their regular cup of Joe.

Starbucks using many kind of entry mode for expanding its business to another country. These include joint ventures, licensing, and wholly owned subsidiaries. Starbucks gain advantage of providing access to local partner knowledge by using joint venture. Starbucks also shares development costs and risks with Sazaby in addition. Starbucks use licensing way to enter the Middle East because with this mode it allow Starbucks to minimize capital outlays for marketing research and decrease local market expertise. And for the wholly owned subsidiaries it offers technology protection and ability to engage in the global strategic coordination.

now a days they became international Because of its high growth in major reason, Starbucks initiate international expansion. Starbucks adopted a strategy that characterizing through low local responsiveness and price considerisation. In the 1996 Starbucks start to grown in Japan through joint venture, and then it expand to Europe and the Middle East using the same way.

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4.Analyze the overall Starbuck’s strategy using Porter’s Five Forces Model Competition 

        The strong force of competition is the combined effect of the external factors identified in this Five Forces analysis. In this regard, the most significant forces for Starbucks Coffee Company’s strategic consideration are competitive rivalry, the bargaining power of customers, and the threat of substitutes. Still, the other forces also influence the company’s business performance. In summary, the following are the intensities of the Five Forces in Starbucks Corporation’s industry environment:

1. Competitive rivalry or competition – Strong Force
2. Bargaining power of buyers or customers – Strong Force
3. Bargaining power of suppliers – Weak Force
4. Threat of substitutes or substitution – Strong Force
5. Threat of new entrants or new entry – Moderate Force

Competitive Rivalry or Competition with Starbucks Coffee Company (Strong Force)

tarbucks faces the strong force of 6competitive rivalry In the Five Forces analysis model, this force pertains to the influence of competitors on each other and the industry environment. In this case of Starbucks Coffee Company, the following external factors contribute to the strong force of competition:

• Large number of firms (strong force)
• Moderate variety of firms (moderate force)
• Low switching costs (strong force)

The large number of firms is an external factor that intensifies competitive rivalry. Starbucks Corporation has many competitors of different sizes. In relation, the population of competitors is moderate varied in terms of specialty and strategy.

        

Bargaining Power of Starbucks’s Customers/Buyers (Strong Force)

    Starbucks Coffee Company experiences the strong force or bargaining power of buyers or customers. In Porter’s Five Forces analysis model, this force is based on the influence of individual customers and groups of customers on the international business environment. In Starbucks Corporation’s case, the following external factors contribute to the strong bargaining power of customers:

• Low switching costs (strong force)
• High substitute availability (strong force)
• Small size of individual buyers (weak force)

there are many suppliers of coffee and tea around the world. This external factor limits the influence of individual suppliers. The overall effect of the external factors in this component of the Five Forces analysis is the weak force or bargaining power of suppliers on the company

Bargaining Power of Starbucks Coffee’s Suppliers (Weak Force)

 this force as the influence that suppliers have on the company and its industry environment. The following external factors contribute to the weak bargaining power of suppliers on Starbucks Corporation:

• Moderate size of individual suppliers (moderate force)
• High variety of suppliers (weak force)
• Large overall supply (weak force)

This external factor limits the influence of individual suppliers. The overall effect of the external factors in this component of the Five Forces analysis is the weak force or bargaining power of suppliers on the company. 

Threat of Substitution or Substitutes to Starbucks Products (Strong Force)

    this force pertains to the impact of substitute goods or services on the business and its external environment. The following external factors contribute to the strong threat of substitution against Starbucks:

• High substitute availability (strong force)
• Low switching costs (strong force)
• High affordability of substitute products (strong force)

it is easy for consumers to buy substitutes instead of Starbucks products. Moreover, many of these substitutes are affordable and cost less than the company’s products. Thus, this Porter’s Five Forces analysis of Starbucks Coffee Company determines that the threat of substitutes is a high-priority strategic management concern.

Threat of New Entrants or New Entry (Moderate Force)

 this force refers to the effect of new players or new entrants in the industry. In this business case, the following external factors contribute to the moderate threat of new entrants against Starbucks:

• Moderate cost of doing business (moderate force)
• Moderate supply chain cost (moderate force)
• High cost of brand development (weak force)

Also, brand development typically requires years to reach the level of strength of the Starbucks brand. The combination of these external factors imposes the moderate force or threat of substitutes against the company. Thus, this Five Forces analysis shows that the threat of substitution is a significant but limited issue in Starbucks Corporation’s strategic management.

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5.Choose one country that Starbucks’s considered to be strong and conduct a PASTEL analysis for that country. 

Starbucks is to be considered strong as in American multinational  chains of coffeehouses and roasters reserves headquartered in Seattle Washington. As the world's largest largest coffeehouses chain, Starbucks is seen to be the main representation of the United States' second wave of coffee culture.

As of early 2020, the company operates over 30,000 locations worldwide in more than 70 countries. Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks, whole-bean coffee, microground instant coffee known as VIA, Many stores sell pre-packaged food items, pastries, hot and cold sandwiches, and drinkware including mugs and tumblers. There are also several select "Starbucks Evenings" locations which offer beer, wine, and appetizers. Starbucks-brand coffee, ice cream, and bottled cold coffee drinks are also sold at grocery stores in the United States and other countries. In 2010, the company began its Starbucks Reserve program for single-origin coffees and high-end coffee shops. It planned to open 1,000 Reserve coffee shops by the end of 2017

 Pastel analysis-

 The aspect of the PESTLE analysis model presents mostly opportunities for Starbucks Coffee

Economic Factors Important to Starbucks Coffee

This component of the PESTEL analysis model refers to the economic conditions and changes significant to business. Starbucks faces the following economic external factors in its remote or macro-environment:

1. High growth of developing countries (opportunity)
2. Declining unemployment rates (opportunity)
3. Rising labor cost in suppliers’ countries (threat)

The high economic growth of developing countries and the declining unemployment rates create opportunities for Starbucks to gain more revenues from various markets around the world. 

Social/Sociocultural Factors Influencing Starbucks Coffee’s External Environment

This aspect of the PESTEL analysis framework shows the social conditions and trends influencing consumers and business. Starbucks must address the following social/sociocultural external factors in its remote/macro-environment:

1. Growing coffee culture (opportunity)
2. Increasing health consciousness (opportunity)
3. Growing middle class (opportunity)

Starbucks has opportunity to increase its revenues based on increasing demand for specialty coffee, which is due to a growing coffee culture and a growing middle class around the world. Also, the company has the opportunity to widen its array of more healthful products to attract health-conscious consumers to Starbucks cafés. Thus, all the identified external factors in this component of the PESTEl analysis model present opportunities for Starbucks Coffee.

Technological Factors in Starbucks Coffee’s Business

In this part of the PESTEL analysis model, technologies and related trends are identified. Starbucks experiences the following technological external factors in its remote/macro-environment:

1. Rising mobile purchases (opportunity)
2. Technology transfers to coffee farmers (opportunity)
3. Rising availability of specialty coffee machines for home use (threat)

Starbucks has the opportunity to improve its mobile apps and linked services to gain more revenues through mobile purchases. The company also has the opportunity to improve its supply chain efficiency based on new technologies coffee farmers use. However, the rising availability of home-use specialty coffee machines is a threat to Starbucks because it increases the availability of substitutes to Starbucks products.

Ecological/Environmental Factors

This component of the PESTEL analysis model identifies the effects of ecological or environmental conditions and changes on business. Starbucks faces the following ecological/environmental external factors in its remote or macro-environment:

1. Business sustainability trend (opportunity)
2. Growing popular support for responsible sourcing (opportunity)
3. Growing popular support for environmentally friendly products (opportunity)

The business sustainability trend focuses on business processes that ensure minimal environmental impact. In relation, responsible sourcing emphasizes corporate social responsibility in the supply chain. Starbucks has opportunities to enhance its performance in these areas. Note that the company already has responsible sourcing policies. Starbucks also has the opportunity to offer more of its products in recyclable packaging. 

Legal Factors

The legal factors in the PESTEL analysis model are the laws and regulations on business. Starbucks must address the following legal external factors in its remote/macro-environment:

1. Product safety regulations (opportunity)
2. GMO regulations outside the United States (opportunity)
3. Increasing employment regulation (threat)

Starbucks has opportunities to improve its performance by satisfying product safety regulations and regulations on ingredients from genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Starbucks is already performing well in these aspects. However, increasing employment regulation, especially in developing countries, threatens Starbucks Coffee’s access to the labor market. This external factor also impacts Starbucks through increased spending for human resources. Thus, in this aspect of the PESTEl analysis model, the identified external factors present mostly opportunities for Starbucks Coffee.

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6.Choose another country that Starbucks does not operate in at this time and suggest a strategic entry plan to operate in that country. 

well as we know still there are many countries don't have Starbucks,The farthest we can get from a Starbucks on Earth is off the coast of South Africa. With the exception of the three locations in Morocco and 18 in Egypt, there are no Starbucks in continental Africa,and also in Baltic State there isn't Starbucks

   if we start Starbucks by considering the above mentioned one country such as BALTIC STATE, we must first realize that Starbucks does not sell independent. They give license to like minded business man to open licensed Starbucks store along with the other business that they run. It is very important to select the position where we want to have such a Starbucks store.

            strategic entry plan to operate Starbucks Globalisation and technology as the two core macro environmental elements of business settings have imposed and aided  companies’ international expansion strategies and tactics. As such, success beyond the national borders of a corporation is not only an indicator of success, it has ultimately become necessary for survival in a competitive market carefully evaluate all factors influencing the decision regarding the area of expansion and the entry mode of the company in the new region 

        i) factors, country specific factors and market specific factors. Although their categorisation of factors is valid in the strategic management of internationalisation of firms

      ii)quality of the products or operations of coffee shops that trade under their company name is significantly lower than in the case of joint ventures or wholly-owned subsidiaries. 

     iii) Starbucks, are able to determine the best mix of entry modes specific to the regions where the expansion is taking place in order to become global leaders

       iv)need to take into account any cultural aspects of the countries where their subsidiaries are. As such, Starbucks adapts their food and beverage offerings in their cafés in order to suit their customers’ taste 

Conclusions

The company that reinvented the way in which people enjoy their traditional cup of coffee, Starbucks has conquered the globe in less than half a century,focus is on creating long-lasting relationships with consumers in every geographical region, seeking and rewarding the loyalty of the brand’s

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